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British Farthings


maridvnvm

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The Farthing as a currency dates back to the silver cross pennies when the coins were cut for change. A quarter penny was a fourthing of the penny which over time migrated to farthing. I have collected farthings since I was in my teens (a long time ago).

George IV Farthing

bv:- GEORGIUS IIII DEI GRATIA, Laureate, draped bust left
Rev:- BRITTANIAR: REX FID: DEF: (note D over D in DEF), Seated Britannia facing right, holding a shield and trident, lion at feet, date below Britannia
Date: 1822 in exe.

Mintage : 5,924,000
Reference:- Spink 3822 (Generic reference.). Peck 1411.

Great_Britain_George_IV_Farthing_1822_im

Does anyone else have farthings to share?

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This thread could run and run. I have a lot of hammered farthings! (I won't post them all 🤪)

I'll start with one of the cut pennies...it’s quite hard to find these with identifiable mints and moneyers.

John Short Cross Class 5b1/2 Cut Farthing, 1205-1207

image.png.f0d554c16345a8efee22cab1720af407.png

London. Silver, 0.34g. (H)ENRI(CUS REX). ILGE(R ON LVNDE). Moneyer Ilger (S 1351)

Edited by John Conduitt
OCD
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1 hour ago, The Eidolon said:

A few years ago I saw some cut pennies for sale.  For some reason the halves were cheaper than two quarters, so I got a half.

I suppose I could cut it into quarters to get some homemade farthings!  Not sure which ruler.  My notes say probably 1200s.713219205_HalfPenny1200scopy.jpeg.f93b8c4785055fdb533b0797c00995da.jpeg

Well it's definitely 1180-1247 since it's a short cross penny. Since the bust has 2 hair ringlets without pellets in them, I would guess this is Class 7 (Spink 1356), which is Henry III.

The moneyer might be Ilger, which here looks like ILGER O(N LVND). The only Ilger was at London (the same guy that struck my John cut farthing) and struck Classes 5 to 7. Of Class 7 he struck 7a1, 7a2, 7a3, 7b1 and 7b2, where 7a3, 7b1 and 7b2 tend not to have pellets in the hair. There's no chin so it isn't 7b2. Perhaps it's 7b1, which is 1222-1229 (Spink 1356B).

Edited by John Conduitt
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This is England's first 'proper' farthing (apart from a few trials in Henry III's time), production of which began in 1279. Edward I also launched the halfpenny and the groat.

Edward I New Coinage Class 3d Long Cross Farthing, 1280-1281

image.png.8138c0f509386e05027e7073fc8fc1ed.png

Tower. Silver, 11mm, 0.32g. Facing bust; +E R ANGLIE. Long cross and pellets; LON-DON-IEN-SIS (London mint) (S 1445A). Found Romney Marsh, Kent, 2000s.

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Some actual farthings:

William and Mary Farthing 1694123818076_WilliamandMaryFarthing1694.jpeg.8e39fcf97b4e3fdb1d83a168b9e9b53e.jpeg

Charles II 1672 Farthing29197531_BritainCharlesII1672Farthing.jpeg.bcc6e82788f78e2d68e56763e3c6f715.jpeg

Commonwealth Farthing Merchant Token 1669 (Maybe this one from Dorsetshire?)1946620438_CommonwealthFarthingMerchantToken1660.jpg.c89046194b55aa8df2feaa7050432ef5.jpg

Farthing 1732 George II251360996_Farthing1732GeorgeII.jpeg.bf4d38600bf3e543ad4d69385583afe0.jpeg

Not sure about this one.   I assume it's some sort of replica or token imitating a 1713 Queen Anne farthing pattern.1690073286_GreatBritainQueenAnneFarthingPattern1713.jpg.935888f726fc6b14ab14d18d3cceeb15.jpg

Some more modern farthings:farthings.jpg.42df71241012d870c59a82ce13dfab41.jpg

I also like the fractional farthings for use in the colonies.

1691058340_12Farthing1842.jpeg.65001c23b7684aef5cd5c92990f7c08b.jpeg

527189224_13Farthing1885UKforMalta.jpg.d3cf105e9ad3a623ad4facb5ff70bb76.jpg

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I have a few to add, these are neat. I'd like to acquire some "Model" fractional farthings, they get pretty small.

1760 George II Ireland Farthing

1760IrelandGeorgeIIFarthingOBV.jpg.3cbf876c013e761289274ac3e292d0a6.jpg1760farthing.jpg.ee78d2f940ed38a0f7ccea05a30d8e3d.jpg

1843 Victoria Half Farthing

1843GreatBritainVictoriaHalfFarthingOBV.jpg.b83dcb9d4d59e48b8563b1bf0fc3746d.jpg1843GreatBritainVictoriaHalfFarthingREV.jpg.0b4f4ac350002e53439fd0170a322197.jpg

1885 Victoria One Third Farthing

1885thirdfarthingO3.jpg.6d9b9e01d8970c276440344bd30cfffe.jpg1885thirdfarthingR3.jpg.1db78f57b5b1eabeaf94e52d3accd2f9.jpg

1858 Victoria Farthing

 1858VictoriaOBV2.jpg.4e5b8a59cfc2451197921aaed314f92e.jpg1858VictoriaREV2.jpg.33355c332f6775a5db465d2bff990b96.jpg

1900 Victoria Farthing

1993738527_1900GreatBritainVictoriaFarthingOBV(1).jpg.ef50b2c65629de32ad48301c46bac2ee.jpg80242015_1900GreatBritainVictoriaFarthingREV(1).jpg.6d0d356f03aa062e83efb71ad293dbd1.jpg

 

 

Edited by thenickelguy
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If I wasn't so immersed in ancient Greek coins, I would definately collect English coins.

These farthings are excellent, have reslly enjoyed looking at them. Reminds me of being a kid and looking at old coins mum had saved and collected. She was English. That's where the coin collecting seed was planted for me.

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I collected British & Irish farthings as a kid in the late 70s and still have them.

E.g.:

spacer.png

And an Irish one:

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I still occasionally pick up one or two at a fair or from eBay, wherever.

Seeing this thread, I dug up a lot of 46 farthings, half farthings and third farthings I bought back in 2013 and still haven't photographed:

ZoFHsuHLa6Gbpbk19wUhxsCBwVi0zytjjwx_FMflZjL-upqRSDVmQFmkiS94BBPkbx4i2OaTSz9ozkdAsYhljYlviGxD6XERP6OfXV_FVLD1882A5jLlcZZN8HlSJTiLJNlGtBmFJil-6UqG8sWnS6H4XH-rLICDrdzngsK8B1KIzgaN1OF2qyMulGrX3odDEk6cVxPfCaen8at7oibJmyVqgZYjZCtdYGCZ9-Yk0StsH08-xcheuCpuWXZ3tQulzmxx8kgW4oV1jfAO7eYViTGpzzsRGv1csWUv5ZEErTpRBC3Ep_8wjt2lq-TwWEeiQIM-L6srAf8hrON3-IkkMjqWzFGA-z3Yiw4Nq6clRhXb0lN3sQUJ2IU3FtCoBs6VtoroYUPk22wY3ApxYyWe_4SHkrna69UlBaJKARYm5pGcLfr2fz_31xv7Q5EpUMHQh1rljHUvuWdCbQkSkTmuI8h1LtlzUUgk3eslCfZteZ-daCjmVG7kAvqlofkp9LBLpvkDNjh7dyutUwWrpsNTcM3cIiO3WeP-pr8C_3xaOSWxrWszhhkAKuoYihu2VI9uRLOa4IHGxXwi_uYo-CPy7Ob_BPhkW1Q8qM6FfE_x8Ye7NVgQDJX1phl8w8aKtKLCtrmyL-R_Paf5brDs-guKfrQ8He6Q7rt3bQPvfENyDwbw_uxQzmvlQeI4s1TFxIX6HVn49cCQMgraJTVagAVhMTwAfMWrMxkKVNkcvIe9CUj5WYmIVqDtOAoWOuyV5fW4Zc1a2PlxaYs4QdHQqsUpLm3x36cSpiL-aJt-k8V6-JJUU7HWzA_CEPJ5RNDUGgnrPMFSgA=w2652-h1275-no?authuser=0

17th, 18th 19th and 20th century - the last is a 1902 third farthing.   They must be near the top of the list to be photographed 😄

ATB,
Aidan.

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These were the first copper English coins. Technically, it's a token, as it was minted privately by John Harington, Baron of Exton and his wife for James I and they weren't legal tender.

James I Harington Type 1b Farthing, 1613-1614

image.png.b6dc57db0ed36efa872bef958efa5a87.png

London Token House. 0.30g. IACO D*G. MAG BRIT (Obverse 1). FRA.ET.HIB.REX with Harington knot in front (S 2675; Everson Harington Type 1b 11 (unmodified); Peck/BMC Type 1b 39).

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I haven't delved into my collection yet. I need to take photos of them. I have realise that I have never done that. I was working through a box of world coins though and the following coins came out of it. They are a pleasant surprise and will make their way to my farthing trays...

George IV

Obv:- GEORGIUS IIII DEI GRATIA, Laureate, draped bust left
Rev:- BRITTANIAR: REX FID: DEF:, Seated Britannia facing right, holding a shield and trident, lion at feet, date below Britannia
Date: 1821. in exe. Peck 1407.

Mintage : 2,688,000

GBR_004_img.JPG

Victoria)

Obv:- VICTORIA DEI GRATIA, Uncrowned portrait left // 1858
Rev:- BRITANNIAR: REG: FID: DEF:, Seated figure of Britannia right, trident in left hand, shield with Union flag in right hand, legend around, national flower emblems in exergue
Date: 1858

Mintage : 1,720,000

GBR_001_img.JPG

Victoria

Obv:- VICTORIA D:G: BRITT:REG:F:D:, Laureate portrait left
Rev:- F A R T H I N G, Seated figure of Britannia facing right, trident in left hand, shield with Union flag in right hand, denomination above, date in exergue, sea behind with lighthouse on left and ship on right // 1879
Date: 1879

Mintage : 3,977,100

GBR_002_img.JPG

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Here are examples of the Stuart farthings from the other patent holders who brought England its first copper coins. John Harington and his widow (as of the farthing above) were the first, their farthings identifiable because they have IACO (for James I) between the sceptres and the Harington knot on the reverse. The below was the second, from the Duke of Lennox. IACO has moved around to after the privy mark. There are many types and varieties.

James I Lennox Type 2, 1616

image.png.6b892a55ffe55fc578f554820b16a1d3.png

London Token House. Copper, 16mm, 0.72g. IACO : D : G : MAG : BRIT :; flower privy mark. Eagle-headed harp (with 6 strings), FRA : ET HIB : REX . (Reverse 1), die axis 180° (Everson Lennox Type 2 25; Peck/BMC Lennox Type 3b 56).

Edited by John Conduitt
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The Duke of Lennox was given the additional title of the Duke of Richmond, but promptly died, as did James I. As with the Haringtons, the patent passed to his widow, Frances Stewart, Dowager Duchess of Richmond & Lennox, so Charles I's first farthings are known as Richmonds. They're much like the Lennox issues, but obviously, CARO replaced IACO. On some early issues, CARO is cut over IACO.

Charles I Richmond Type 2, 1625-1631

image.png.606046d3da43c270f6b3417a75391618.png

London Token House. Copper, 16mm, 0.53g. CARO : D : G : MAG : BRI (Obverse 2); three lys privy mark. Eagle-headed harp (with 6 strings), FRA : ET HIB : REX (Reverse 3), die axis 0° (Everson Richmond Type 2 93; Peck/BMC Type 1c 182). Ex Colin Cooke.

Edited by John Conduitt
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The Duchess of Richmond passed the patent to Lord Maltravers, who redesigned the farthing with advice from Nicholas Briot. They're easily identified by having inner rings around the crown and harp.

Charles I Maltravers Type 2, 1634-1636image.png.c39a6295daa8d6efbb25d2dafd1d1c27.png

London Token House. Copper, 16mm, 0.51g. .CAROLVS . D ! G ! MAG ! BRIT (Obverse 5); martlet privy mark both sides. Eagle-headed harp, FRAN ! ET . HIB ! REX (Reverse 2) (Everson Maltravers Type 2 134c; Peck/BMC Type 3b 247).

Edited by John Conduitt
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Lord Maltravers had to redesign them again, both to make them more substantial (so that people would accept them) and to make them less easy to counterfeit. He added a brass segment for the latter purpose - perhaps making this England's first bi-metallic coin. The brass segment is almost always present on rose farthings, even though you can't always see it.

Lord Maltravers replaced the harp with a rose, and so these are known as 'Rose' farthings. There are very many varieties, but the two major groups are those with single crowns and roses, and those with double crowns and roses.

Charles I Rose Type 3, 1636-1637image.png.920cbc82d357b78617fc5e9617337e88.pngLondon Token House. Copper with brass segment, 13-14mm, 1.38g. Double-arched crown, sceptres divide legend; CAROLVS . D : G MAG : BRIT : (Obverse 1). Double rose, privy mark lys on reverse only; FRAN : ET . HIB : REX . (Everson Rose Type 3 164; Peck/BMC Type 1c 309).

Edited by John Conduitt
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Finally, the Civil War erupted and the Parliamentarians took over the Token House. They continued producing farthings for a while, but moved the sceptres to below the crown so that they could demonetise all the others, in order to prevent Charles I minting them to fund his army.

Charles I Rose Type 5a, 1643-1644image.png.d64165f92180fc844fe3058ec8d817de.pngLondon Token House. Copper with brass segment, 14mm, 1.13g. Single-arched crown, sceptres with bosses on handles cross beneath crown, privy mark mullet on both sides; CAROLV . D : G . MAG : BR. Single rose; FRA : ET : HIB : REX . (Everson Rose Type 5a 208a; Peck/BMC Type 3a 348).

Edited by John Conduitt
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