Curtis JJ

Next...Money counter/ abacus Edward Cohen (2011) made an argument I found interesting that these were not actually abacuses (Dated Coins of Antiquity: p 608): "Perhaps it is just a box for dispensing or receiving coins." I can't say with any confidence myself, just something I always remember and think about with these. Here's one of mine: [And a thumbnail of Severus Alexander "abacus" denarius, prob. struck in Antioch, which I think is highly unusual for a Liberalitas type; top one has five dots, this one two] NEXT: Third Century Sestertius

DOMITIAN PROVINCIAL: Here's a personal favorite, my Domitian from Anazarbus in Cilicia (formerly Irenopolis, formerly Caesrea, and, at one point, also Caligula, Uncertain!): Cilicia, Anazarbus. Domitian Æ Hemiassarion (18mm, 3.84g, 12h). Struck 93/4. Obv: AY KAI ΔOMITIA-NOΣ ΣEB(A ΓEΡ KAI). Laureate head left. Rev: KAIΣAΡEΩN. Laureate head of Zeus right, IB-R across fields. Refs: RPC II 1750; Waddington 4109; Lindgren I 2192 = Lindgren III 773 (this coin); SNG France II 2014; Ziegler 73. Previous identifications (this coin): 1985 (Caesara Paneas, Domitian; AND Irenopolis, Domitian): Lindgren & Kovacs 2192, as Caesarea Paneas, Domitian on page 116, then “corrected” to Irenopolis in Errata on p. 187; 1992 (Uncertain mint, Caligula): RPC I 5456; 1993a (Anazarbus, Domitian): Ziegler 73.3; [1993 - 2021: From here on out, all "Anazarbus, Domitian"] 1993b: Lindgren III 773 on page 43 (and Errata Supplement, p. ii); 1998a: RPC Supplement 1, p. 50, “Delete:…” the entry for RPC I 5456, citing Ziegler (but not Lindgren III) and correcting to Anazarbus, Domitian; 1998b: RPC II 1750, Anazarbus, Domitian [and RPC Online II 1750, ex. 4 as Lindgren & Kovacs 2192 (corr.) no mention of Lindgren III 773]; 2015: Also included in RPC Consolidated Supplement 1-3: p. 180; Online: Isegrim 23043, example 3 (corr.) ["ZIEGLER KAISER 073(1-6)" = "SLG LINDGREN I 2192(3)<KOR>"]; 2022: CNG 510, 419, ex MDA Collection. NEXT: Another coin from CILICIA

I can definitely see both of those, too. I think you're probably right.

Interesting. Yes, at least for commercial descriptions, it looks like recent auction listings are now roughly split between Antigonos II Gonatas and Antigonos III Doson, whereas 20 years ago they were all Doson. Seems like Gonatas was a very uncommon attribution before ~2010-2012, slowly building steam until 2018, where there appears to be tipping point: https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?term=antigonos+tetradrachm+poseidon&category=1&order=1

Those are great owls! I really love the Phoenix banker mark/countermark (I usually call the small Eastern ones on silver coins "banker's marks" and bronze ones countermarks, but that Phoenix is big and elaborate enough to resemble the countermarks [usually issued by governments] on Roman Provincial Bronze coins). I can definitely see it as a Phoenix and flames as you suggest. EDIT: Actually, looking again, could those be two overlapping symbols on top of each other? It's a bit of an odd shape for a countermark. Can't quite tell from here if that could be possible, but it's a really interesting one. The new one is really beautiful for a countermarked specimen (doesn't seem to be a pseudo-countermark in the die itself). Does it have to be "taw"? I can see that for sure, but others seem plausible too, especially reorienting it? Having it in hand and having looked at others, though, I assume you've got a better idea. Returning to your bottom one, one of mine has a comparable punch on the reverse/owl: For my archaic Aegina Turtle Stater (Meadows IIIa, before 456 BCE), below, I was actually able to find a reference for the banker's mark (Millbank, P. 19, Counterstamp 15 [Millbank full text]). One thing I liked about it was how the design of the mark makes a nice complement to the incuse design on the reverse: Aegina Sea Turtle AR Stater (leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea) Greek (Archaic). Islands off Attica (Saronic Gulf), Aegina. AR Stater (12.19, 21.5mm, 7h), struck c. 480-457 BCE (contested). Obv: Sea turtle (prob. leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea), head turned sideways in profile, with trefoil collar and 'T-back' design, column of pellets on shell. Banker's mark: Incuse circle with cross and four sunken compartments. Also a tiny punch in r. field. Rev: Large 'skew pattern' incuse square with five sunken compartments. Slight incuse in r. field (trace of banker's mark on under-type?). Ref: Milbank period III, pl. 1, 14-15 (Banker’s Mark = p. 19, Counterstamp 15) [Millbank full text]; Meadows Aegina Group IIIa; HGC 6, 435; SNG Cop 507; SNG Lockett 1970. Prov: Ex-Nomos Obolos 16 (Zurich, 11 Oct 2020), Lot 772. Note: Incuse geometric design of the Banker's Mark (Milbank #15) is an interesting complement to the reverse imagery. Coin-in-hand video. There's also a faint semi-rectangular incuse or dent or two in the r. field, rev. I wonder if that could've been a banker's mark on an under-type, and that is coin overstruck? Except I don't think these older Aegina staters were overstruck on older types (later ones, yes).

That is a very cool haul. From Kunker by any chance? Recently Kunker (I presume from an anonymous collection) offered a whole bunch of brockages previously sold at CNG 54 (in 2000), the spectacular Phil DeVicci collection of brockages (79 coins). For anyone interested in the type, I highly recommend examining the catalog, it has some amazing types rarely seen. Of course there are some usual Roman Republican / Imperatorial denarii, but also a remarkable range of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine, including the unique Constantine XI AR Stavraton brockage (!), Koson AV Stater, Paduan Sestertius, and Tarentum Nomos from the collections of M.P. Vlasto (Athens, 1874-1936) & Fedor Ivanovich (Theodor) Prowe (Moscow, 1872-1932). The Vlasto-Prowe-Egger brockage was one of those in the recent Kunker sale; sadly I was an underbidder (nor did I win any of the others), but I enjoyed seeing them and reviewing the DeVicci Brockages again. Notes and link from my "Plate Checks" file below: CNG 54 [lIssuu] = 14 June 2004 = notable for starting w/ 79-lots of the incredible Phil DeVicci Brockages Collection (first , including many rare and dazzling types, Koson Stater, Julius Caesar Aureus (plus elephant & portrait denarii), Constantine XI Stavraton, everything in between (an original Paduan Sestertius, Greek, RRC, RIC, RPC, Byzantine, etc.), many rare varieties; at least 14 AR fractions of Tarentum from the M.P. Vlasto Collection; [THESE 3 NOT MY COINS!] Below is my coin, a brockage I bought from Aureo & Calicó Auction 339 (14 Nov 2019), 1398, part II of the Alba Longa [Fernandez-Molina] Collection. There was quite a nice run of RRC brockages (this was one of the few coins in the whole collection I could afford!). I think the brockages may be some of the only coins not illustrated in FFC (A Guide to the Denarii of the Roman Republic to Augustus, 2002, by Fernandez-Molina, J., M. Fernandez-Carrera, & X. Calico-Estivill). I also found this one twice in the "Richard Schaefer Binders," available online from the ANS / Roman Republican Die Project, using photographs of the same coin from 1981 (A.N.E.-Calico: Asociacion Numismatica Española [Barcelona, 15 Dec 1981], Lot 508) and 1998 (Aureo 89 [4 Mar 1998], Lot 1345), mention of those sales entirely absent from Aureo y Calico 339 in 2019:

Classic type! Thank you for posting your Agrippa / Neptune so I don't have to post one of mine (they're not pretty)! (I may yet anyway if I like the way the photo turns out.) I always had these down as Caligula issues too, but recently I think I've been seeing more people referring to them as Augustus. Does anyone know why, what changed, or was it always that way? One more Neptune-predecessor-Poseidon-relevant coin... Meet Taras, son of Poseidon. After he wrecked his ship in the Sea, his father was kind enough to send Flipper the friendly dolphin to give him a lift. Flipper kindly drove him all the way the Tarentum, probably figuring that was the best place to drop him, since it was named after Taras. Although the Tarentine people tried to develop a successful dolphin breeding and racing program, after centuries of failure they gave up and switched to horses. They discovered a deep and abiding love for "dolphins of the field" (as I'm quite certain they called them), so much so that they decided to put them on the front of their coins, opposite the "horses of the sea," always ferrying their namesake. Mine has the prow as a symbol on the reverse, not sure if it's what remains of the boat that Taras crashed: Edit: Actually, now that I think about it.... Taras is also being crowned by Nike (that does happen on some issues, but not always). I wonder if this is celebrating some kind of victory at sea? This was some time post-272, when Tarentum had been forced into an alliance with Rome.

Okay, you asked for this one! Here's the much better of my two Skotoussa [Alt: Skotussa, Scotussa] Artemis & Poseidon AR Hemidrachms, c. 4th-3rd cent BCE. (There seems to be a difference of opinion 350-300, or 220-200. BCD Thessaly gives later 3rd cent.) I love the parallels to the reverse of Alexander III silver coinage (Zeus / Poseidon, Eagle / Dolphin, Staff / Trident, Throne / Rock). Greek (Late Classical/Hellenistic). Thessaly, Skotoussa AR Hemidrachm (2.17g, 14mm, 11h).. circa 4th-3rd cent. BCE. Obverse: Head of Artemis facing slightly left, hair in the ‘melon’ style, tied in back, and wearing a necklace. Reverse: ΣΚΟΤΟΥΣΑΙΩΝ. Poseidon seated left on rock, holding a trident in his left hand and dolphin in his right. References: BCD Thessaly 1341; BCD Thessaly II 755; SNG Cop 253; SNG München 180. Provenance: Ex-Gitbud & Naumann, Pecunem 20 (3 Aug 2014), 153. Notes: Uncommon type (especially so with nearly complete legend), relatively few dies. Not counting duplicates, there are fewer than 30 in ACSearch. The portrait of Artemis 3/4 facing on the obverse is clearly influenced by the coinage of another Thessalian city, Larissa, in turn influenced by Kimon’s facing Arethusa Tetradrachms of Syracuse. Poseidon appears in full (i.e., on the reverse) on few Greek types, and appears seated on only a handful. The Poseidon seated left, holding dolphin and trident, is clearly in the tradition of Greek coinage depicting Zeus seated left, holding eagle and staff, in turn influenced by the seated Ba’al Staters of Tarsos. From BCD Thessaly 11341 (Nomos 4) [which is the best known example], cataloged by A. S. Walker: "These coins must have circulated for a considerable time, since almost all known examples are considerably worn. Their low weight, which is not solely due to wear, seems to be similar to the reduced Aeginetic standard of the widespread issues of the Achaean League, which were struck in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. While this reduced standard started in the late 3rd century, the possibility that the Skotussan issues were struck later may be supported by the style of some apparently contemporary bronze coins from the same mint..." (Not included here, ASW's comment above is followed by one of the rejoinders from BCD for which the catalog became an instant classic.)

Congrats! I had some that took ~6 months when pandemic shipping delays were bad but I knew where they were and why and that they'd arrive eventually. This sounds terrifying. If a coin like that were lost to human history it would be a tragedy (if "only" stolen you'd have a good chance of tracking it down eventually when someone tries to sell & you recognize photos). Glad it's home now!

Oh, I just thought of these ones now! One of the very few "sets" I've ever tried to collect is "(at least) one from all 10 major BCD Catalogs" and my BCD Corinth (Lanz 105) coin and first one from BCD Lokris (NAC 55) were both pretty rough, even for Roman Provincials: Lokris, Lokri Opuntii AE21 (5.95g) with ex. rare combination of countermarks (helmeted head of Athena [?] & ΛO ligate), temp. Galba. BCD Lokris 157.5 = RPC I Online 1342 example 14 (cited in RPC Consolidated Supplement [2015], p. 71) = Naumann 100 (Jarman Coll., Part I), 1215 Marcus Aurelius AE23 (8.15g, 9h) of Corinth. Rev: Concordia/Homonoia (or Fortuna/Tyche?) BCD Corinth 721 = RPC Online 7589.2

Nice countermark! I don't think I've ever had a PROB. I do have a Claudius Sestertius (imitative / "unofficial mint" / "branch mint") with the much more common NCAPR countermark. Host coin's a bit worn but the countermark is very clear. It's interesting that your PROB is right on the face. Happily, these NCAPR countermarks are never on the face (at least as far as I've been able to tell). They're usually behind the head, occasionally on the reverse, and very rarely in front of the bust (but never on the face). For one so common, there have been some interesting debates about what exactly it means and when it was struck. Mine is from the Richard Baker Collection, the Los Angeles area collector known for his important scholarly collection of countermark coins (CNG photo):

Funny, I was bidding on the OP coin too. Just saw this thread. It's a fantastic example for a Quintillus. I've got a handful of Quintilli (apparently 4 photographed) but the first one is far and away my favorite (only partly because it was previously Elvira Clain-Stefanelli Collection, with her tag, and then Orfew-A. Short collection, purchased at Ancient & Medieval Coins Canada 2, a true feast for provenance enthusiasts). Having a complete legend is rare, so just having his full name made this one special (if you look closely, most of mine below at least come close to a full QVINTILLVS if nothing else -- I see it on others too, so my theory is those striking the coins intentionally erred in that direction to get the name on it, but it's just a theory): Another from the "pick-bin" in the same auction (their photo), previously Doug Smith, acquired in 1999 from Perry Siegel (Herakles): For yet another reverse type, here my Providentia, ex Agora, ex Spartan Numismatics: My old Fortvna Redvx / Z , which I seem to recall from long ago was rather scarce, but I wouldn't swear to that (a group lot rescue from maybe 20 years ago):

Wow, I'm really really jealous of the barbarous Licinius captives issue! I love these barbarian imitations of barbarian captives! For whatever reason, they always seem to imitate Licinius. I've got an example with an awful obverse, luckily the captives are still there, the important part. I need an upgrade like yours!!

I was impressed by the recent thread on digital photography creations, and it reminded me of the ways I've played around with adding the "third side" of the coin. I'm not that great at photography (why I often use vendor photos when they have a policy of granting permissions). But this is a technique I enjoy using and find can add value. It takes some practice, though. So, in case it's of interest to anyone else, or anyone has tried similar experiments in perspective, etc.... Sometimes it's to show the thickness/edge and the high relief/profile portrait: As you can see, getting the focus right can be difficult... Before cropping out the background (these are thumbnails but they should expand to full size if you click them). In the Alexander photo I let my fingers get in the way a bit so editing them out was hard without clipping part of the coin's edge too: Sometimes the design itself is meant to be seen from multiple angles and so the coin may actually have "two obverses": It's my opinion that the following Celtic AE (an imitation of Thrace, Odessos) has "two faces" on the obverse (the primary/left one faces right, the second face left and only appears when rotated 120-degrees counterclockwise; it also has a central floral image). The top triptych below includes my rather inept attempts to show "how to see" the faces by tracing them in yellow (and horse w rider on reverse): Triptychs are also valuable for highlighting various mint errors, such as the following (sold) clashed die on a Julia Domna denarius (this particular die-clash is well known, there's one on Doug Smith's website, and I've seen other examples from the dies). Notice the faint incuse of Julia Domna's head in the far right photo (i.e., upside-down reverse): The final example, Julia Domna, was one of the earliest of these I did (at least 8-12 years ago?). It turned out okay in that instance, but here's an important piece of advice that I learned later: Don't just flip one of the photos. Actually rotate the coin and take a second photograph of the same side. (Otherwise the lighting and shadows are off and it becomes visually confusing.)

A few of my Eastern Roman Empire greatest hits (beginning with Anastasius), illustrating many of the ups-and-downs and lefts-and-rights of "Byzantine" artistic development and political-economic history. In chronological order, though I see I've left some gaps -- none of my Anonymous folles are presentable, and my Constantine XI Stavraton is in the shop 😊

Okay, how about another Constantius or two... I finally got one from Arles mint (don't think I had one). It's also got some interesting differences in design from the usual, including the decorated shields, of which I only have a couple examples. (There are at least two posters here who have impressive collections of Fallen Horseman AE2s, including many more decorated shields than I have.) Also the appearance of Constantius' cuirass (?) under the drapery and hairstyle are pretty interesting and distinctive. And something I don't think I've ever noticed before... EYELASHES! Okay, if you insist, here's my ugly Siliqua:

I take it the unusual part is that it's made of silver? Or the pubic hair? That is unusual! (I don't buy antiquities besides coins, but I've seen great looking bronze phalluses, don't know if any had fur!) I don't know very much about these little personal antiquities, but I find it is very interesting and impressive. You can still see a lot of marks on the surface still indicating how it was made/formed. I wonder, were these cast objects, or did a silverworker sculpt the piece of silver itself? (Or a combination or something else entirely?) I'm guessing it's maybe a couple centimeters? And pendant -- that's to be worn around the neck, I guess?

Indeed. Aesthetics is secondary at best. For LRBCs, I tend to focus on history. Actually, the numismatic "anthropology" fascinates me even more than the history. What kind of culture attaches the slogan "Happy Days Are Here Again" to the moment of death in battle? Or a pair of bound captives kneeling (as in O-Towner's, immediately above, or wittwolff's 3rd coin on the first page)? Did the "common people" know what the legends meant? What did they make of the Gigantopithecal soldier leading the hobbit man from his serene little grass hut (as on maridvnvm's example above)? Did they even know what things like the "campgate" (?) represented? Could they tell all those identical looking emperors apart? Did they even know who the different emperors were and what they did? But, as you note, and coins above illustrate, there are exceptions. And something satisfying about -- busting out the thesaurus and getting all poetical & alliterative on these LRBCs -- the crisp, clean charm of a well-struck specimen in a state of high preservation. Or the fossilized-butter surfaces of a perfectly patinated bronze. The two-and-a-half score shades of gray with hidden iridescence on an East Harptree AR Siliqua... Too much? 🙄 Back to seriousness 😉 I've discovered evidence the Samurai existed 1,000 years before we realized! My barbarian fallen horseman above (prev. ^ comment) definitely has a full Samurai mask & helmet c. 1300. I'll inform "History" Channel (looks alien, plus Ancient Aliens musta had something to do with Samurai). Actual seriousness: I find the barbarian/fallen horseman's armor detail interesting (e.g., the helmet, maybe a quilted or leather cuirass, the typical tasseled trousers [sorry, accidentally alliterative again... as always. Arrgh!]). I'm curious about which of Rome's enemies are portrayed on the coins. When identified at all, I think this one is usually called "Eastern" / Persian / Sassanid. Other fallen horsemen look Germanic or Gallic, "Western." (Some authors say they're all just "generic enemies.") I think it's an open question whether more specific ethnicities are ever depicted and whose choice that was. Turns out it's harder to crop out the horseman than I thought...doesn't help that the horseman and horse seem to possibly share one leg 🤣

Thank you for sharing an image of the collector's envelope as well! Hope you don't mind that I was adding it to my "database" ... (Still too small for a "database," really, but I have used it to ID one coin/tag with lost provenance, hand-written by Rev. Edgar Rogers (1873-1960/1), in someone else's collection, I still don't think I have a Rev. Rogers [FAC 103980, 767591 (21 Feb 2022), Curtis]). BUT... I discovered I already have a photo of one of these Rev. W. McGill envelopes! (This one can serve as a duplicate photo if you don't mind.) The first one was for a Domitian AE Diobol from Alexandria. Starting to sound familiar? The source.... (hope you don't mind) = [CT Post 4223676 (8 Mar 2020), Justin Lee/iOmega Coll.]

Oh, that is very cool. I forgot those existed. I've got a weird little AE4 that seems to have two captives on it (this tiny low quality photo is cut from the ones above). Haven't been able to figure out what exactly it is, but I don't think that's a Chi-rho or other off. mark to the left? (That thing on the left is what I suspect of being the second, kneeling captive.) It's not an Esty 54. But I don't know what it is (aside from a Victory w/ trophy dragging captive). The style and fabric aren't quite as crude as most of the really late ones, but not too far off. Unfortunately I have it filed away in an envelope somewhere, but I think it's probably about 10 or 11mm, maybe a bit less? I would've thought your Esty type 55 above was a Valentinian III or Johannes just on style (I've got at least one or two pretty close). Similarly, I would wonder if your new Savoca is a Johannes? That "O" would be consistent with that as well as Honorius.

Interesting, wasn't previously aware of that parallel. (The similarities are in the relationships in the triangle, its discovery, and deaths, but the not the particularly scandalous method of death, right? Looks like both stories have multiple versions.) I believe I've also seen a rival theory that what may have happened was Constantine discovered they were scheming to overthrow him, and they were killed or forced to commit suicide. That would make sense of why (maybe) Licinius II and seemingly others died in this whole affair. Depending which, if any, source you believe, and how far.

Tough one, Donna! Here I was thinking this might take a long time (I've got horse/rat, eagle/snake, elephant/snake (maybe), horse/elephant, horse/sea serpents, etc. etc. but no horse/snake on ONE side!)... OH -- Then I realized -- a CADUCEUS has a snake in it! Here we go, Censorinus Denarius (my photo underneath an old mystery photo of my coin I found in the Richard Schaefer Binders in the Schaefer / ANS - Roman Republican Die Project; "CSJ" in the photo below is my father, who originally bought it, apparently some time after Nov 2010, but NOT in Long Island): C. Marcius Censorinus. Rome, 88 BC. Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right. Ref: CX (above), C•CENSORI (below). Horse galloping right. Serpent entwined staff in exergue. Ref: Crawford 346/2b; RSC Marcia 19; Sydenham 714; ANS 1947.2.85. Prov: CSJ Internet purchase, n.d. [c. 2010-2015?]; Ex Long Island Nov 2010 (?); ANS RRDP Schaefer Binder 11 (300-399), page 358 (Die-pair 64? 4th Column, 2nd Row: This coin illustrated). Next: Some kind of ANCIENT SYMBOL STILL IN USE today (or "in use again")

That's a great batch of VRLBCs! Sounds like how I assembled my stash. Love the DN VALENTINIANO (or is it -NANO?)! I think the concern with the Avitus types is that very few or none (depending how you judge the RIC 2412 specimen) show the left side of the legend. Personally, I'm agnostic on this particular issue, but I'd like to find new information to help decide. If there were more photographs of examples of AE4s showing a legible "AVIT," I'm sure it would help me understand, I just have never been able to find them. The RIC X 2412 plate coin, which was sold by Lanz in 2000, and discussed skeptically in Suarez's "The Avitus AE Problem" (see also the 2014 discussion on CT), is the only clear example I've seen. But I think the theory is that Kent et al. were a bit too credulous in accepting the few examples, and they may have been misidentifications or tooled examples from others. I recall when having the "SP..G" or possibly "VSP..G" on the right of the legend break was considered diagnostic of an Avitus, but I think opinions have changed (at least among some). There was another example posted by @mc9 in the AE4s thread; one of my "VSP..G" (maybe) examples is above in this thread. Most of those examples, as Ras suggested in his 2014 blog, do strike me as possibly being small Honorius types (or, for some, conceivably Val III with abbreviated/jumbled legends, or imitative / pseudo-imperial). I think there will be stronger answers based on improvements in photography and die matching technology. I can't find any progress in the conversation since I was trying to search for these myself, years back, but that doesn't mean I didn't miss it.

Okay, this crest may not be as impressive as my pair of New Style Tets, but it's a bit mysterious to me. That weird formation in the middle that looks like ΛΨΩ or a maybe a little drawing of an aqueduct or something. What the heck is going on there? This kind of design feature seemed to to start as the split between the top and rear crest on the Licinius and Constantine AE3s, but the Londinium Crispuses really started to run wild with it on certain dies. What were trying to represent?! NEXT: Captive(s) Coinage!

A truer statement was never made: "Probus deserves more screen time"! Great Probus-captives, @Octavius! Here's my Lugdunum, 4th emission. Before the video I'd never heard that the mint's coins have a particular good layering of silvering, but there is indeed still a good layer visible on this one. The reverse is a bit weak but I got this particular specimen because I wanted one from the great collector of Probus coins, Philippe Gysen (1950-2019). It looks better in some of the references listed: Probus BI Antoninianus (4.08g). Lugdunum (4th em., 4th off.), late 277 CE. Obv: IMP C PROBVS PF AVG. Radiate, cuirassed bust right. Rev: ABVNDANTIA AVG / IIII. Abundantia standing right, emptying cornucopiae held in both hands. Ref: RIC 17; Bastien 196 (Supp II-e, this coin). Prov: This coin = Ex Philippe Gysen (1950-2019; his inventory #5) = Philippe Gysen Collection, Part II, Jacquier 46 (20 Sept 2019), Lot 315 = Berliner Münzauktion 74 (31 October 1992), Lot 512 = Bastien Suppl II 196-e (this coin) = Hiland & Oliva (2013), Le Règne de l'Empereur Probus, Histoire et Numismatique (276-282 apr. J.-C.), Page 79, No. 9 (this coin illustrated) = Probvs.net RIC 17 (ex. 1 of 3, this coin) = Probuscoins.fr Coin ID 555 (this coin).