Limes

Thanks for the interview. I always enjoy looking at your digital trays, and posters. 

On 11/24/2023 at 11:05 PM, Cinco71 said:

Yesterday I visited a coin shop in Tokyo that specializes in turning Greek and Roman coins into jewelry, mostly pendants and rings.  Below is an example of taking a typical Alexander drachm and putting it into a ring as well as a Hadrian denarius as a pendant.  They use real coins, though they also had many pieces that used replicas instead.  I was there to look at their raw coins, but couldn't help looking at the jewelry, too.    I have mixed feelings about the idea of wearing a coin, so I wonder how the rest of you feel about this.   Anyone tempted to wear a drachm around your finger or a denarius around your neck?  Or is this absolute sacrilege?

They are called World Coin Gallery located near the Akihabara area of Tokyo if you want to peruse their offerings.

11 hours ago, ewomack said:

I agree. This forum has plenty of activity, but not the activity of 600 fully active members. Many must be lurkers.

Or maybe postal delivery people. Gradually learning more and more about the value of certain of their packages. Which then magically disappear after having been registered as delivered. Nightmare scenario! 

Titus, but looking the other way

Elephant with nice skin:

5 hours ago, Curtisimo said:

Now we just have to convene a book club meeting and discuss. 🙂 The book is easily available but is usually pretty expensive. I was happy to find mine for a good price on eBay where I used the option to make an offer (which was accepted).

I’ll admit I haven’t read the book cover to cover yet but I am really impressed with it. It’s a very scholarly work and it really helped me better understand my new Septimius Severus coin that I wrote an article about here.

Roman Empire
Septimius Severus
AR denarius, Rome mint, struck AD 206
(2.9 gm, 19.5 mm)
Obv.:  SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right
Rev.:  LAETITIA TEMPORVM, the spina of the Circus Maximus decorated as a ship facing left, with the turning posts at its prow and stern, a sail mounted on the central obelisk, and the spina's other monuments visible in between; above the ship, four quadrigas racing left; below, seven animals: an ostrich at left and a bear at right; between them a lion and a lioness chasing a wild ass and a panther attacking a bison
Ref.:  RIC 274; BMC 343.
Ex Paul Tinchant Collection (1893-1981)(auctioned under the pseudonym “Robert J. Graham”), Jacques Schulman Auction 243, lot 1972 (June 8-10, 1966); Ex Roma Aeterna Collection, Gut-Lynt Auction 13 Part II, lot 1638 (October 1, 2023)

Exactly the reason why I bought that book too: to learn more about my issue (Caracalla) of that reverse type! 

Lovely to read this interview. You're a man of many talents. I always enjoy reading your write ups. 

And it seems like we got a book party going on! Great stuff if you're having trouble sleeping 🤣

12 hours ago, Phil Anthos said:

Herakleia drachm

Now thats a fantastic coin! Is that a scylla on the helmet?

That's a cool coin @JayAg47! I really like the ancient mythology stories, about the Olympians, and the Titans and Giants. Food for some holywood movies too. Not many Roman issues - besides the provincial coinage - show the Giants. There's one very rare issue, of which below you may find a specimen. It was hammered at Roma, in 2022, for 11.000 GBP. And to be perfectly clear, this is not my coin 🙂

I have an Imperial issue, showing the monument entry gate to the Capitoline. On one of the panels, there appears to be a scene of the Gigantomachy. My coin is a bit too worn to properly see it. So below is a photo of a better issue, where the panel is more visible. 

My coin:

NOT my coin (Gigantomachy panel marked):

1 hour ago, David Atherton said:

Recently I had the opportunity to acquire my ultimate dream coin, and it has now become my favourite piece in the collection. 

https://www.forumancientcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=184767

I was tickled when the HJB BBS 225 catalogue arrived last week featuring it on the cover!

 

Previously, this extremely rare Vespasian denarius acquired in 2016 was my favourite.

https://www.forumancientcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=127698

It is now #2.

All this has made me curious to know what other collectors regard as their favourite coins.

Please post your favourites! I would love to see them!

I wanted to say 'your' Colosseum sestertius too David 😁 But the I read more carefully, and realised its about 'my' collection...

This question pops up every now and then, and it's fun thinking over one's collection to see if the order has changed. Having spend a small decade collecting, I've noticed that this question remains difficult to answer. I do not have one absolute favorite, but I have some favorites. I've als noticed that some favorites shift as my collection advances, but some will always remain special to me (especially the first category, below). However, my absolute dreamcoin is not in my collection, and it is still out there. It's rare, but it does appear on the market every now and then. It's just too expensive for now. But I do hope that one day, I will get it, just like you got your absolute dreamcoin. 

So, category number 1. I'm emotionally attached to a couple of issues, because of the special, personal meaning they have for me. The first coin I bought after my mother pased away, or a coin a friend bought because I was feeling down, or the coin I got because of the birth of our children. I think these coins are my 'favorites' but perhaps because of different reasons if you know what I mean. From this category is this aureus, in celebration of the birth of our third child:

Next category: the coins that I got because they attracted me because of design, or place in history. They don't have an emotional meaning like the other ones. I think most of my coins fall within this category. Its difficult to pick a favorite, but a few that always jump out are a couple of Imperiatorial issues, early Imperials and some of the Severan dynasty. I'll go easy and post just a few. 

Imperatorial:

# 2 - sextus pompey, showing Scylla. A target ever since I first saw it in, I think, a NAC catalogue many years ago. I simply love this design. 

#1 the 'other dagger' issue of Brutus. Again, simply  loving the design and the simple 'BRVTVS' below in the ex. 

Imperial:
My #1 (perhaps still) is this issue I bought on a trip in Rome, some year ago. It still brings back good memories (maybe it should be in the first category...?), but I also think the coin is fantastic. 

Severans:
Quite a few interesting issues I have of this 'dynasty', in my opinion, such as the circus maximus reverse denarius, the stone of Emesa of Elegabalus, but I think my favorite issues, are the dynastic issues, especially showing the two boys together knowing what happened to Geta later down in history...

I'll stop now. 

16 hours ago, expat said:

Born Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus in 204AD, better known by his nicknames Elagabalus and Heliogabalus, was Roman Emperor from 218 to 222, while he was still a teenager. His short reign was notorious for sex scandals and religious controversy. A close relative to the Severan dynasty, he came from a prominent Arab family in Emesa (Homs), Syria, where since his early youth he served as head priest of the sun god Elagabal. After the death of his cousin, the emperor Caracalla, Elagabalus was raised to the principate at 14 years of age in an army revolt instigated by his grandmother Julia Maesa against Caracalla's short-lived successor, Macrinus. He only posthumously became known by the Latinised name of his god. Later historians suggest Elagabalus showed a disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos. He replaced the traditional head of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter, with the deity Elagabal, of whom he had been high priest. He forced leading members of Rome's government to participate in religious rites celebrating this deity, presiding over them in person. He married four women, including a Vestal Virgin, in addition to lavishing favours on male courtiers thought to have been his lovers. He was also reported to have prostituted himself.
His behavior estranged the Praetorian Guard, the Senate and the common people alike. Amidst growing opposition, at just 18 years of age he was assassinated and replaced by his cousin Severus Alexander in March 222. The assassination plot against Elagabalus was devised by Julia Maesa and carried out by disaffected members of the Praetorian Guard.

Elagabalus developed a reputation among his contemporaries for extreme eccentricity, decadence, zealotry and sexual promiscuity. This tradition has persisted; among writers of the early modern age he endured one of the worst reputations among Roman emperors. Edward Gibbon, notably, wrote that Elagabalus "abandoned himself to the grossest pleasures with ungoverned fury". According to Barthold Georg Niebuhr, "the name Elagabalus is branded in history above all others" because of his "unspeakably disgusting life".
Herodian writes that when the emperor Macrinus came to power, he suppressed the threat to his reign from the family of his assassinated predecessor, Caracalla, by exiling them—Julia Maesa, her two daughters, and her eldest grandson Elagabalus—to their estate at Emesa in Syria. Almost upon arrival in Syria, Maesa began a plot with her advisor and Elagabalus's tutor, Gannys, to overthrow Macrinus and elevate the fourteen-year-old Elagabalus to the imperial throne.

Maesa spread a rumor, which Soaemias publicly supported, that Elagabalus was the illegitimate child of Caracalla and so deserved the loyalty of Roman soldiers and senators who had sworn allegiance to Caracalla. The soldiers of the Third Legion Gallica at Raphana, who had enjoyed greater privileges under Caracalla and resented Macrinus (and may have been impressed or bribed by Maesa's wealth), supported this claim. As a tribute to the military for their support, he adopted the same name Caracalla used as Emperor, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
Elagabalus AR Denarius, Rome 220-222 AD
IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate draped bust right / VICTORIA AVG, Victory flying left, open diadem in both hands, shields to both sides, star in right field. RSC 300. RIC 161. BMC 234. 2,8 g - 18,5 mm

Please post your coins of Elagabalus, his Family or anything related.

Nice write up and coin too! 

Cool presentation as always @LONGINUS!

20 hours ago, robinjojo said:

Here's a very general outline of the evolution of the style that evolved from Starr Group II.

Starr Group III

On the obverse, look for the spiral of the palmette to move towards the ear.  It is oriented much higher on a Group II owl.  Also, the fron laurel leaf is now higher, toucing the base of the crest. The portrait of Athena is larger, compared to Group II.  One the reverse, the owl's wing is longer, nearly touching the edge of the incuse frrame.  The AOE letters are more uneven in relationship to each other. The upper leaf of the olive branch still touches the owl's head.

 

 

Starr Group IV

(Sorry for the blurry photo)

Now the palmette is pointing directly at the upper part of the ear.  Athena's upper hairline continues to have a curve to it.  The relief is high.  On the reverse, the tail feathers are still separated, but now are above the rear tallon of its right foot.  The owl is now noticeably larger and in higher relief.  The wing tip now touches incuse frame.

 

 

Starr Group V

This is a somewhat early Group V owl.  The upper hairline is now essentially a contiuous smooth curve.  The palmette is still above the tip of the ear.  The laurel leaves are now flatter.  On the reverse, the owl's three-feather tail is now well above the feet and the wing feathers now merge with the incuse frame.  As with the previous groups, the AOE lettering remain uneven.

 

Here's a later Group V owl, with the palmeet now virtually touching the top of the ear lope.

 

Standardized Classical 

The palmette is now just above the ear.  On some coins the center tendrile of the palmette touches the upper ear or rim of the helmet.  The size of the palmette can vary, as weill as the porportions of the tendrils can vary.  The obverse is now flatter, generally speaking and the hair is rendered more coarsely.  On the reverse, the owl is in flatter relief and the AOE lettering is even.  All three tail feathers are now merged.

 

 

Thanks for this! Im still have trouble seeing the differences, but I think with a bit of practice, I might finally see it. 

Love addition by the way, that is a cool coin. Here's my standardized classic issue. The holes so not justify a new Group to be created, they're not part of the design (joke...)

Hello, tomorrow I'll be viewing coins at Heritage Europe, to be hammered at their Coins, Currency and Medals November 2023 auction. If anyone is interested in a coin and needs some more information, and if I can help with that, let me know and send me a PM! 

cheers! 

14 hours ago, AETHER said:

Hey gang, was at my LCS today, unloading some things as I narrow my collection, and I picked up two bronzes (and a copper i think)

The first coin was labeled as a Tiberius AS, bust/alter. And I thought, I have been looking to add a Tiberius I can afford. YAY.

After doing some looking up, I thought it was the altar of lugdunum type from Tiberius. BUT it looks more like the Augustus altar of lugdunum type instead, can anyone confirm? Kind of disappointed because I was looking to add Tiberius and not another Augustus. 

 

 

I also picked up another, which I'm pretty sure is a Titus Dupondius, because of the Radiate head (it looks like) and copper core. It is also a bit larger than an As and heavier.

I also did not have a Titus, so I'm thrilled I added him.

Thanks in advance. 

 

Yes, its Augustus. Similar tot his one. https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=11301203

And the second one is Titus, as Caesar. Both cool coins! I wish I had a coin shop nearby. It seems like fun, just drive by, talk a bit and take home a coin. 

Anyway, coincidentally, Im looking for a decent Tiberius from Lugdunum too, to complete my Julio Claudio dynasty smaller rbronzes set. Good luck with your quest!

Loving the digital tray @LONGINUS

Campgates are one of my favorite reverse designs. Its also one of my earliest coins in my collection. I remember when I saw it, and I did not quite know yet what it was, but the reverse really spoke to me, and I was very excited to buy it. (Back then, ancients were very new to me, and I was amazed by it all).

Another very interesting (in my opinion at least) issue, is this commemorative issue, that shows the Milvian bridge. 

Neat addition, and great history. Do you know what the oxen and priest on the reverse mean? Is it the way the Romans inaugurated ground for a new city? Or marking the boundries? 

I dont have a provincial coin of Augustus to share though. 

I will say a prayer and make an offering on your behalf to Mercury, in his temple (well, to be more specific, in front of our cabinet where this coin is stored 😁), and maybe he'll grant you a miracle too! I'll have to clean up all the blood and so on quickly though, or my kids will be traumatized for life. 

21 minutes ago, Prieure de Sion said:

@Limes ... can you say something about it? Do you have any information about this? Thanks.

Ah yes, sorry, didn't have the time to dive into this yet. It's an interesting (and beautiful!) coin.

It raises the question of the relation of post and prior reform coinage in relation to the Lugdunum mint. Sydenham briefly mentions this in his paper; the weight of the AE As at Lugdunum deviated from the weight of the Rome mint, and the weight of post reform copper semisses do not relate to the weight of post reform semisses of Rome. I'll have to check it out and do some comparison. But basically, I think this also affects the dupondius from Lugdunum (i.e. weight appears to be lighter that post reform weight standard at the Rome mint). 

Maybe you can ask biddr? I thought someone of biddr visited this forum, but dont remember the user name. 

My experience is that bid are not the same for every auction, at least some of the auctions i attend online. Maybe its different with biddr.

But erratic behaviour can be spotted quite early during an auction, maybe. So you could draw a conclusion then, sit back, and enjoy the doofus purchases being made 😁

15 hours ago, Roman Collector said:

Lovely coins! Talk about HIGH RELIEF!!! Informative write-up, too. Don't let anyone say we're light on scholarship here at NVMIS FORVMS!

Thanks! You saying that means a lot. I must admit it's a bit strenuous to do a write up as a non native English speaker. 

11 hours ago, Nerosmyfavorite68 said:

Yes, that's exactly why I love the designs of Nero the most, especially the Lugdunum issues, with the 'fat face'. 

Price hikes have deterred me from picking up more than a handful of imperial Neros over the last decade (probably less than 4).

Nero was probably my co-first coin (the coin is in poor condition).

I really enjoyed the post.

Thanks, and glad you liked it. Positive may be that Nero bronzes are abundant and in various grades. Although popular, not all of his coins are very expensive, although it of course depends on your budget and collecting preferences. I hope you may find another good piece to add to your collection some day. 

7 hours ago, JayAg47 said:

One of my favourite coins in my collection, also a recent addition.

 

Not my coin, but I'd love to own something like this. A follis of Artuqids showing the bust of a 'Roman' head, as described by the sellers. But, I think that's 100% the face of Nero. I bet he'd be ecstatic knowing that he'd be portrayed on coins more than 1000 years in future from a different culture, because they thought his coins were such beautiful works of art! 

Thanks for your comment, appreciate it. Your latest Nero shows a really strong portrait. And is there someone riding on the back of Victory? Or is it a die break? 

And that follis is very interesting! That sure does like Nero. Indeed, even the guys froms the Artuqid dynasty enjoyed the artistry of these coins, as much as we do today. And if the world still exists a 1000 years from now, maybe people then will still marvel at these coins. 

Very interesting write up @Curtisimo, thanks! And thanks for mentioning me 🙂

I really like that you show the history behind the circus from the archaic times untill its final phase when it was in utter neglect. Although little remains today, the mere size of the area is still impressive, when I visited it back in 2015. Our hotel was near the piazza, where the obelisk still stands. I cant find the photos right now unfortunately. 

Here's my crude issue of the circus, but with Caracalla as caesar on the obverse. These coins were struckby Septimius for both Geta and Caracalla.

Hello everyone,

This topic is not about that man in love with art, but about that other guy who had a big crush on art: L. Domitius Ahenobarbus Nero Claudius Caesar. Born in Antium in 37 AD, he entered public life at an early age and rose rapidly in the imperial line after Claudius married his mother, Agrippina the Younger. Everything good, one would think. But, alas. His mother - allegedly - murdered emperor Claudius, placing Nero on the throne in 54 AD. From there on, things slowly went downwards. His endulgance for the arts lead to erratic behaviour which greatly upset the elite. And after his love for the arts caused the imperial treasure chest to reach the bottom in 67 AD, consequently delaying payments to the troops, the dagger proved to be stronger than the lyre. Exit: Nero.

I find the coinage of Nero absolutely fantastic. Rich in history, with vivid designs and always at a high level of artristry that would surely have pleased the Master himself. The designs are very varied and celebrate the imperial family, military victory in Armenia, but also show Nero’s exuberant building projects. And it’s not just the aureii or sestertii, but all denominations display the same fantastic designs.

The latest Kunker e-live auction allowed me to finally add this coin of Nero to my collection, having been high on my wishlist for quite some time. It’s a reform brass As showing Nero playing the lyre on the reverse. Now this coin is interesting for several reasons, on which I make a few comments below.

About the reverse: Nero playing the lyre

The next few comments are about the reverse. As said above, the reverse of this coin shows Nero as Apollo playing the lyre. It’s not a mystery to us that in the larger part of his reign, Nero indulged himself into horses and races, the arts and music, and everything Greek. He was also quite the big spender, and, according to Suetonius, Nero thought that there was no other way of enjoying riches and money than by “riotous extravagance, declaring that only stingy and niggardly fellows kept a correct account of what they spent, while fine and genuinely magnificent gentlemen wasted and squandered.” (Ch. 25; thanks to the fantastic site of Bill Thayer). 

His practice of the lyre and singing started early in his reign. According to Suetonius, after some encouragement by his entourage, he even started to appear on stage and his first acte de présence was in Naples. After that, he longed to appear in Rome itself, and for that reason, repeated the contest of  Neronia, a festival established in 60 AD on the model of the Olympic games which was to be held every five years with athletic and artistic competitions. Nero even also participated in the Olympic games after introducting a musical competition contrary to custom. Returning from Greece, he held a triumph in Rome while wearing a purple robe and a Greek cloak adorned with stars of gold, and bearing the Olympic crow on his head. Of course a visit to the temple of Apollo was part of the procession.

Next it becomes even more interesting, as Suetonius actually mentions this coin in his book, thereby making this the coin with the oldest provenance in my collection (well, not this specific coin, but the type. But that still counts right?): 

"He placed the sacred crowns in his bed-chambers around the couches, as well as statues representing him in the guise of a lyre-player; and he had a coin too struck with the same device." (Ch. 25; thanks to the fantastic site of Bill Thayer). 

But that’s not the only theory about the symbolism of the reverse. Another story about the reverse is that it shows Nero playing the lyre and singing while a great fire swept through Rome. This story gained further strength as Nero used part of the destroyed city to build his new palace. Suetonius mentions the following:

For under cover of displeasure at the ugliness of the old buildings and the narrow, crooked streets, he set fire to the city so openly that several ex- consuls did not venture to lay hands on his chamberlains although they caught them on their estates with tow and fire-brands, while some granaries near the Golden House, whose room he particularly desired, were demolished by engines of war and then set on fire, because their walls were of stone.
(...) Viewing the conflagration from the tower of Maecenas and exulting, as he said, in  "the beauty of the flames," he sang the whole of the "Sack of Ilium," in his regular stage costume.” (Ch. 38; again thanks to the fantastic site of Bill Thayer)

However, according to Tacitus, Nero was away from Rome when the fire broke out and returned to the city to take measures to help the population of Rome. He further took measures to tighten building regulations to prevent new fires. This seems to debunk the story provided by Suetonius.

About the coin reform

My latest addition, and the issue shown below which is already part of my collection, are also two issues marked with a ‘I’ in the exergue. They are part of Nero’s coin reform. The ‘what’ and ‘why’ about this reform interested me, so I started reading about it. I will make a few comments below, and, if you are interested too, I’ve added the sources at the bottom of this write up for further reading.  

Augustus introduced a new monetery system, which consisted of the following - for this write up relevant - denominations*:

To this system, Nero added the following changes**:

* Based on David van Meter
** Based on Sydenham

As we can see from these tables, Nero begin striking the ‘lower’ denominations in both metals: copper and brass. He also reduced the silver and gold content of the denarius resp. aureus. The reasons for the latter might have been, that due to the increasing costs of the imperial household and military payments, Nero was forced (or happily decided) to decrease the purity of the finer metals to be able to increase funds. Also, according to David van Meter, the treasury was under extreme stress due to the relief actions because of great fire of 64 AD, and the various already initiated ambitious building projects.

However, that does not sufficiently explains the introduction of the smaller units in new metals. For this, Sydenham has examined the various weights of the coinage. The dupondius and As as introduced by Augustus, were in value 2:1. However, the weight was quite comparable, and this caused issues as the actual difference in value between the two metals - brass and copper - did not compensate for the monetary value of the dupondius - As. Hence, under the reign of Nero, it was decided to make a better connection to the actual value of the metals, which was 1.1/3:1 (brass:copper). And by introducing the brass As and increasing the weight of the brass dupondius, the monetary value was established at 1:2. The underlying reason to introduce these reforms was to adapt to the Greek coinage in proportional values, which may have made commercial relations between the east and west easier. To make the value of the new coinage clear, Nero added symbols to them, determining the coins as dupondii (II), Asses (I) and semisses (S) respectively. Also not that today, it’s difficult to distinguish copper from brass, due to the patina formed over the hundreds of years buried in the ground. But for a Roman, the difference was easy to notice, as brass had a bright yellow-golden colour, and copper a reddish-brown colour. (Note: copper is a pure metal, whereas brass is a copper alloy, containing copper and zinc.)

Although the ratio behind the reform remains uncertain - whether it was due to Nero’s love for anything Greek, to fix a commercial problem, or a scheme to generate more funds, or all of these reasons -  it is clear that it did not last. Nero’s coin reform was abandoned soon after his death. But fortunately for us collectors, it lasted long enough for us to hold such an interesting piece of history in hand.

About the attribution

Next I’ll briefly make a few comments about the attribution. Künker attributes this coin as RIC 210. And since I have two printed editions of RIC including volume I, I thought it would be entertaining to check this attribution thoroughly and share my journey. (You can skip this if you want, nothing out of the ordinary came from this exercise.)

Attribution of these issues turned out to be not too complicated. The mark of value and the weight are the biggest give-aways. So, with that in mind, I began.

On my coin, you can see that the last part of the obverse legend is missing. RIC gives 8 legends for Aes of Rome and Lugdunum starting with ‘NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG’ and ‘GERM’: the legend stops after GERM (1 legend); the legend continues after GERM with a series of abrevations (3 legends, including GERMA IMP); the word ‘germ’ is longer (4 legend, e.g. GERMAN). The first step I took was to determine whether the coin was struck at the Lugdunum or the Rome mint. The step is in my case relatively easy, since coins struck at the Lugdunum mint show a globe at the point of the bust, which the portrait on my coin clearly has not. The second step was to weigh the coin (7,84 gr), which led me to conclude that it’s a brass AE As. And together with the mark of value that can be seen in the exergue on the reverse, the conclusion is that it’s a reform AE As of the Rome mint. Next was to find the corresponding RIC number (or, to check the number given by Kunker). The obverse legend was unclear, but the bust and reverse type are not. RIC lists 36 reverse types and 9 portrait types for the AES of Rome and Lugdunum; my coin shows reverse type no. 3 (Apollo) and obverse portrait ‘B’. Looking at the coins from the Rome mint, RIC lists 8 ‘asses’, with reverse type 3. Combined with portrait type, the reverse legend of my coin, the mint mark and the presence of ‘S C’, only one possibility remained, which is indeed RIC 210. So that makes my obverse legend: NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERMANIC.

Relief

My last remark regards the relief of these smaller bronzes. I had already noticed about my earlier issue that the head of Nero on the obverse really pops out. The same is the case with my latest addition. So I’ll end this write up with a question: did Nero try to mimic the relief of some of the coinage of his so beloved Greek world, especially coins of Alexander...?

Thank you for reading. If you have any Nero (reform) Aes, other smaller bronzes, or anything else relevant, please share.

Sources:
- C.H.V. Sutherland and R.A.G. Carson (ed), Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume I. Revised edition, London, 1984, reprinted 2018.
- David van Meter, The Handbook of Roman Imperial Coins. 1991, Laurion Press, New York.
- E. A. Sydenham. THE COINAGE OF NERO. An Introductory Study. In: The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 16 (1916), pp. 13-36; via jstor.org
- C. Suetonius Tranquillus, The Lives of the Twelve Caesars; via https://penelope.uchicago.edu/ 
- Tacitus, The Annals; via https://penelope.uchicago.edu/  

I voted for no. 2, because I use the same background image. But its not very popular, lol! 

I also really like no. 4. But maybe that does leave little room for additional information in the picture itself. An extra word document with that info that you can copy/paste from would be a solution indeed. Ive been thinking about that myself. Only thing is, im on my phone most of the time, more then on a laptop. And copy/paste info from a document on the phone isnt very convenient. What do you think, @CPK?

By the way, that coin is fantastic! And the photos too.