Roman Coins in Reverse - a Chronological Gallery

[shanxi]

Time for Severus Alexander

Here are three coins from Alexandria:

Severus Alexander
Alexandria
Billon-Tetradrachm
Obv.: A KAI MAP AYP CEY AΛEΞANΔPOC, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind
Rev.: LB (year 2 = 222/223), Eagle standing left, head turned right, holding wreath in beak
Billon, 14.22g, 23mm
Ref.: Dattari 4407 var. (legend)

 

Severus Alexander
Alexandria
Billon-Tetradrachm
Obv.: A KAI MAP AYP CEY AΛEΞANΔPOC EVC, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust
Rev.: LI (year 10 = 230/231), Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia; palm frond to right
Billon, 12.62g, 24mm
Ref.: Dattari 4377 (var. (legend)), Milne 3042

 

Severus Alexander
Alexandria
Billon-Tetradrachm
Obv.: A KAI MAP AYP CЄY AΛЄΞANΔPOC, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust
Rev.: LIΓ (year 13 = 233/234), Nike advancing left, holding palm and wreath; palm to outer left, date to inner left
Billon, 24.5mm, 15.56g

 

[Al Kowsky]

Julia Avita Mamaea was the mother of Severus Alexander who became emperor at the age of 13. Being too young to manage the affairs of the empire, Julia along with an advisory board of 16 senators & a lawyer named Ulpian, managed the affairs of the Roman Empire. Ulpian was later appointed as head of the Pretorian Guard. Severus Alexander was a mere figurehead until he grew older, but still relied on his mother's advice much to the chagrin of the military. He was considered a "mama's boy" by the military & mockingly called Severus Mamaea. On March 21, 235 both Julia & Severus were murdered together, ending the Severan dynasty.

[expat]

A provincial of Severus Alexander with a fascinating reverse having a busy image.

CILICIA. Seleucia ad Calycadnum. Severus Alexander (222-235). Ae.
Obv: ΑV Κ Μ ΑVΡ СЄΟVΗΡ ΑΛЄΞΑ, with remaining part of legend ΝΔΡΟС right field inside legend.
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: СЄΛЄVΚЄΩΝ ΚΑΛVΚΑΔΝ, with remaining Ω of legend in upper right field.
Tyche, holding branch, seated left on rocks between two columns; river god Calycadnum to lower left.
RPC VI online 7034.
Weight: 13.99 g. Diameter: 29 mm.
Plate coin: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/search/browse?q=Severus Alexander&page=109
 (AC Search) ex Numismatik Naumann (formerly Gitbud & Naumann). Auction 79, Lot# 439, 07/07/2019. Purchased from Marti Classical Numismatics, Spain, 2023.

 

[Octavius]

  Selection of Severus Alexander....

1. denarius with reverse of Spes standing...

2. denarius with reverse of Salus seated feeding serpent ...

 

3. denarii with Providentia reverse...

 

4. Sestertius with Providentia reverse....

 

5. Sestertius with Mars Ultor reverse depicting Mars advancing brandishing spear and shield...

 

6. Sestertius with Sol on reverse...

 

7. Denarius of his mother , Julia Mamaea , with Felicitas reverse....

[DonnaML]

I don't have much for Severus Alexander and his family, but here are some:

Severus Alexander AR Denarius 225 AD Rome Mint. Obv. Laureate head right, IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG. / Rev. Fides standing facing, head left, holding standard in each hand, FIDES - MIL - ITVM. RIC IV-2 139, RSC III 52, Sear RCV II 7864. 19 mm., 2.9 g.

Severus Alexander AR Denarius 232 AD Rome Mint. Obv. Laureate and draped bust right, seen from front, IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG/ Rev. Mars Ultor (“Mars the Avenger”) advancing right in military dress, holding transverse, spear and shield, cape flying behind, MARS VLTOR. RIC IV-2 246, RSC III 161a (ill.), Sear RCV II 7882 (ill.), BMCRE 831. 20 mm., 2.91 g.

Severus Alexander, AE 22, AD 218-222, Mysia, Parion. Obv. Laureate bust right, wearing cuirass with Gorgoneion, seen from front, IMP CAEƧ L ƧEP ƧEV ALEXANDER (all S retrograde) / Rev. Asklepios seated right on throne, with right hand extended, holding and examining raised right fore-hoof of bovid (bull or cow) standing left with head raised towards his face, DEO AE ƧVB above, C G H I P [Colonia Gemella Hadriana Iulia Pariana] in exergue.* RPC VI Online 3871 (temp.) (see https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/6/3871). 20.03 mm., 4.24 g. Purchased from Lodge Antiquities, UK, Jan. 2022.

*According to RPC VI 3871, the (blundered) reverse legend “is presumably an attempt at DEO AESCVLAP.” But see https://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?param=85231q00.jpg&vpar=1901&zpg=91146&fld=, stating that DEO AE ƧVB stands for “Deo Aesculapius subvenienti - to Aesculapius, the god who helps.”

Along with a similar reverse on a coin of Commodus from the same location (see RPC IV.2 Online 3164 [temp.]), this is a rare depiction on an ancient coin of a veterinarian at work.

Sallustia Orbiana (wife of Severus Alexander) AR Denarius 225-227 AD. Rome mint. Special marriage emission of Severus Alexander, AD 225. Obv: SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, Draped bust right, wearing stephane/  Rev: CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated left, holding patera and double cornucopiae. RIC IV-2 319 (Sev. Alexander); RSC III 1, BMCRE 287 (Sev. Alexander). 19 mm., 3.5 g. 

Julia Mamaea (mother of Severus Alexander), AR Denarius. Obv. Bust draped right wearing diadem (stephane), IVLIA MAMAEA AVG/ Rev. Venus stdg. front, head left, holding helmet & scepter, shield leans against her at left. VENVS VICTRIX. RIC IV-2 358, RSC III 76 (ill.), Sear RCV II 8216 (ill.), BMCRE 713. 20.5 mm., 2.88 g.

[shanxi]

Julia Mamaea

Julia Mamaea (222-235).
Thrace, Deultum
Obv: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, Diademed and draped bust right.
Rev: COL FL PAC DEVLT, Artemis advancing right, holding bow and drawing arrow from quiver; at feet, hound advancing right.
AE, 8.95g, 23.7mm
Ref.: Varbanov 2341

 

Julia Mamaea
Æ-Sestertius, Rome Mint
Obv.: IVLIA MAMAEA AVGVSTA, draped bust right.
Rev. FELICITAS PVBLICA / S - C, Felicitas standing left, legs crossed, holding caduceus and leaning on column.
AE, 17.78g, 28.6mm
Ref.: RIC 676, C21

 

Julia Mamaea
AR-Denar
Obv.: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, Diademed and draped bust right.
Rev.: VESTA, Vesta standing left, holding transverse sceptre and patera.
Ag, 18.4x20,4mm, 3.68g
Ref.: RIC IVb, 362, Kamp.: 64.17.1

[Qcumbor]

The reverse I'll choose for Severus Alexander will be that exquisitely engraved Jupiter shamelessely showing off his six pack !

 

Q

[Edessa]

Roman Egypt, Alexandria. Severus Alexander, AD 222-235. Billon Tetradrachm (23mm, 12.93g, 12h). Dated RY 4 (AD 224/225). Obv: Α ΚΑΙ ΜΑΡ ΑΥΡ ϹƐΥΗΡ ΑΛƐΞΑΝΔΡΟϹ; Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from rear. Rev: Athena Nikephoros seated left on throne, holding Nike with wreath and scepter; beside throne, shield; L-Δ (date) to left. Ref: Köln 2420; Dattari 4285; K&G 62.43; Emmett 3095.4 (R1); RPC VI 10269 (temporary, 26 examples). Very Fine, pleasing chocolate brown patina. Ex Stacks Nov 2011 Baltimore Auction (16 Nov 2011), Lot 20902 (part of multiple coin lot).

[shanxi]

I forgot Orbiana

I only have one provincial coin of Orbiana, but with a nice Artemis in biga of stags  reverse

Lydia. Hierocaesaraea
Orbiana
Bronze, AE 29
Obv.: ΓN CЄ CЄP BAP OPBIAN CЄB, Draped bust right, wearing stephane.
Rev: IЄPOKAICAPЄΩN, Artemis driving biga of stags right.
Æ, 29mm, 9.87g
Ref.: RPC VI, 4254 (temporary)

 

and a denar:  Concordia with two cornucopiae

Orbiana
AR Denarius. Rome, AD 225-227
Obv.: SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG, Draped bust right, wearing stephane
Rev.: CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated left, holding patera and double cornucopia
Ag, 2.84g, 18.9mm
Ref.: RIC IV 319, RSC 1, CRE 497 [C]

 

[lrbguy]

This will be kept short, but one note.  The weights of the coins shown are given for comparison with the last entry.  See below.

 

Severus Alexander   222-235 AD

Showing coins of Alexander at three different points in his reign.

Severus Alexander  Mid-221         As Caesar
BMCRE 267 (under Elegabalus)               3.21g

Bare headed bust to r, draped
M AVR ALEXANDER CAES

Priestly emblems (lituus, knife, jug, simpulum, and sprinkler)
PI E TAS A VG

 

The earliest coins of Alexander show no beard, but from three years into the reign, slight growth of sideburns appear and thereafter his beard grows progressively larger on the coins.  (Unfortunately for this topic, that is an obverse detail.  It is however, relevant for a connection to the earliest coins of his successor.)

 

Severus Alexander  225
BMCRE  232                                                 3.06g

head laureate, sideburns
IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG

Jupiter half naked seated to L on throne, hold Victoriola in extended R hand, in L combined scepter-thunderbolt
IOVI - V L TORI

Similar to the one shown by Qcumbor above, but numbered differently because of the distinctive reverse letter break as on the aureas of this type. (Hence a distinct reverse)  This appeared about the time of the beginning of his marriage to Orbiana.

 

Severus Alexander  232  (issue 15)
BMCRE 901                                     2.55g

Laureate bust to r, draped  (viewed from front), strong beard
IMP ALEXANDER PIUS AVG

Spes draped, adv L, holds out flower in R hand, raises hem of skirt with L.
S P E S PVBLICA

 

 

Salustia Barbia Orbiana   (married 225-226 AD )

 

Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana Augusta (fl. 220s), also known as Barbia Orbiana, was an Augusta of the Roman Empire and briefly the wife (3rd?) of Emperor Severus Alexander. She was known for her beauty, which was captured in multiple works of art, but inspired the envy of her mother-in-law, Julia Mammaea, who abused the young woman. Her father Seius Sallustius, seeking an order of protection for his daughter, was executed on a charged trumped up by Mammaea, and Orbiana was exiled to North Africa after only two years as empress.

Salustia Barbia Orbiana   married 225-226
BMCRE 287                                     2.93g

Bust draped to r., wearing stephane
SAL BARBIA  ORBIANA AVG

Concordia std L,wearing wreath, extending R hand with patera, L cradles a cornucopiae
CONCORDI A AVGG

 

Julia Mamaea   (mother of Sev. Alexander)

 

 Julia Mamaea    232  (issue 15)
BMCRE 913-915                                   3.16g

Bust draped to r., wearing stephane
IVLIA MA - MAEA AVG

Fecunditas std L, extending hand to child (reaching up), L elbow rests on chair
FECVND  AVGVSTAE

 

 Julia Mamaea   232  (issue 15)
BMCRE 917-919                                    3.72g

Bust draped to r., wearing stephane
IVLIA MA - MAEA AVG

Fecunditas stg L, holding out R hand to child (reaching up), cornucopiae in L held close
FECVND  AVGVSTAE

 

The next two coins are a bit light weight in comparison with those above in this group. 

Julia Mamaea
BMCRE 381-387                                   2.85g

Bust draped to r., wearing stephane
IVLIA MA - MAEA AVG

Vesta, veiled, standing half left, holds out palladium in R hand,
VESTA

This coin is a bit light but still within normal limits.  However, I have another Vesta coin similar (w/o palladium) that only weighs in at 1.95g.  For the significance of that, see the next coin.

 

 Julia Mamaea
BMCRE ???                                           1.93g

Bust draped to r., wearing stephane
IVLIA MA - MAEA AVG

Vesta veiled, std to L, holds out simpulum with R hand, cradles scepter with her L.
VESTA

This reverse type is not listed in any standard reference for Mamaea, but is noted as a hybrid for coins of Julia Soemias, most likely as an ancient forgery. Presumably that is the case here, unless and until better evidence surfaces.

Edited August 31, 2023 by lrbguy
deleted extra rows

[Salomons Cat]

Severus Alexander and his mother might not have known how to use the possibilities of ancient propaganda to its full potential - at least that's what I think when I compare their coin reverses to some reverses from the Flavian dynasty, for example.
 

Julia Mamaea, AD 222-235, Denarius (19mm, 3.11 gram), Rome. RIC 351
Obv: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG
Rev: VENERI FELICI; Venus standing r., holding Cupid and sceptre.

Severus Alexander, Denarius (19mm, 2.85g), AD 226, Rome. RIC 55
Obv: P M TR P V COS II P P.
Rev: P M TR P V - COS II P P Togate emperor sacrificing l. at tripod altar.

 

 

Gnaea Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana (AD 225-227). Denarius, Rome. RIC 319
Obv: SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG. Draped bust right, wearing stephane.
Rev: CONCORDIA AVGG. Concordia seated left on throne, holding patera and double cornucopia.

Edited August 31, 2023 by Salomons Cat

[kapphnwn]

Severus Alexander Av Aureus 230 AD Obv Bust right laureate drapery on far shoulder. Rv Romulus in military garb advancing right with trophy over shoulder and spear at the ready. RIC 103 5.84 grms 21 mm Photo by W. Hansen

This aureus compares Severus Alexander to the mythical founder of Rome. This is a curious connection. It is possible that this is a response to the serious crises that was engulfing the Parthian Kingdom. It may be hinting thar Severus is ready to handle any problem that may arise from that crises.

[Severus Alexander]

7 hours ago, Salomons Cat said:

Severus Alexander and his mother might not have known how to use the possibilities of ancient propaganda to its full potential

On the contrary, I think they knew exactly what they were doing. After the shocking religious innovations and Eastern flavour of Elagabalus, the point of SA's coinage was to be as boring as possible! "Nothing to see here, everything's back to normal, yes?" 😁

A bit sad for us collectors, though.

He does have some awesome architectural types due to an extensive rebuilding program during his reign. Not a big help to us, though, as the coliseum type is uobtainium in any denomination, and the nymphaeum is very expensive and tough to get. (I remember bidding on an As that ended up going for 4K+.)  Not my coins:

For collectors, maybe the best combo of interest and ease of purchase is this type:

In some way Sev Alex restored the money (RESTITVTOR MON), though exactly what change he's advertising here isn't fully clear. Since the type is found only on the dupondius, restoring the quality of its orichalcum is a good bet.  Whatever the exact reason behind its issue, it's a pretty cool type.

Here's a related type seen less often:

Moneta has a little pile of coins at her feet. 🙂 (There's a related sestertius with the legend MONETA AVGUSTI. This coheres with the theory that SA improved the quality of the mint's orichalcum.)

(You'll notice that my focus for SA's coinage is his middle bronzes. I know a lot less about the other denominations and there could easily be some exciting ones I'm forgetting about!)

A currency reform isn't all that important when it comes to general history. If that's more your thing, then maybe the best types to get would be those associated with SA's massive military response to the first invasion of the Empire by the Sassanids under Ardashir.  There are a couple Victory types that aren't hard to get.  Here's a scarcer Profectio issue. (The Profectio was an official departure ceremony, in this case his departure for the East to take on Ardashir):

This (anticipatory) triumphal type is also associated with the war:

Some other reverses I like...

Here's a rare Liberalitas scene on a small As-sized medallion:

^  from the R. D. Frederick collection; previously part of the Curtis Clay collection, acquired by Clay from Lanz Graz IV, 23 November 1974, lot 605, from the collection of the Marquis de Albrecht Hohenkubin (von Kubinzky)(1885-1972) - a collection formed in the early 1900s, buried during Allied bombing of Vienna in WWII, then dug out of the rubble in 1955.

And speaking of Liberalitas, here's an Antioch mint denarius showing Liberalitas, but mislabeled as "LIBERTAS"!

Continuing the error theme, here's a technically interesting reverse.  Not the type, but this coin has a particularly deep die clash, the portrait is very clearly outlined:

Moving to provincials, here's a Koinon of Macedon issued under SA showing Alexander taming Bucaphalus:

Some nice clasped hands from Philomelium:

An Alexandrian tet (Rome mint dies) with Julia Mamaea on the reverse:

And finally an interesting reverse for Mamaea, from Claudioseleucia in Pisidia, with an appallingly ugly portrait but a cool depiction of Pan:

Sorry for the effusion of coins, but I figured I'd better speak up for my man Sev Alex. 😄 

[ambr0zie]

Nothing extremely out of the ordinary for me. 

My first Severus Alexander was a denarius with one of the most common reverses - Providentia.

 

An Alexandreia coin, with an Apollo reverse. The coin is most interesting due to the obverse typo 

25 mm, 5,26 g.
Troas, Alexandreia. Severus Alexander 222-235. Ӕ.
M AV S ALEXANDRV (sic), laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Severus Alexander, r. / COL ALEX AVG TROA, Apollo nude standing, l., placing foot on pedestal, holding laurel branch.
RPC VI, 4031 (temporary); Bellinger A334.

 

Sestertius with a Victoria reverse 

Mother - a Vesta standing reverse on a denarius

and a Venus sestertius 

 

Wife - probably the most common coin - a denarius with Concordia, pretty rough shape but I was glad to add one of the rarer empresses. 

[shanxi]

Maximinus: Two provincials

A nice Artemis with two stags:

Maximinus
Phrygia, Eucarpia
Obv.: ΑΥΤ Κ Γ ΙΟΥ ΟΥΗΡ ΜΑΞΙΜƐΙΝΟС, laureate and cuirassed bust of Maximinus, r.
Rev.: ƐΥΚΑΡΠƐΩΝ, Artemis standing facing, looking l., holding bow and placing hand on quiver; stag left, looking right; priestess right
AE, 26 mm, 7,22 g
Ref.: SNG Cop. 372, RPC VI, № 5604 (temporary)

 

A Tet from Alexandria. The Roma reverse is much more interesting than the obverse:

Maximinus I Thrax 235-238
Alexandria
Billon-Tetradrachm
Obv.: AYTO MAΞIMINOC EVC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev.: L – A, year 1, AD 235, Roma standing left, raising hand and holding spear.
Billon, 12.47g, 23.8mm
Ref.: Kampmann/Ganschow 65.2, G 2548, D4591, Emmett 3294.

Edited September 1, 2023 by shanxi

[DonnaML]

11 minutes ago, shanxi said:

Maximinus: Two provincials

A nice Artemis with two stags:

Maximinus
Phrygia, Eucarpia
Obv.: ΑΥΤ Κ Γ ΙΟΥ ΟΥΗΡ ΜΑΞΙΜƐΙΝΟС, laureate and cuirassed bust of Maximinus, r.
Rev.: ƐΥΚΑΡΠƐΩΝ, Artemis standing facing, looking l., holding bow and placing hand on quiver; stag left, looking right; priestess right
AE, 26 mm, 7,22 g
Ref.: SNG Cop. 372, RPC VI, № 5604 (temporary)

 

A Tet from Alexandria. The Roma reverse is much more interesting than the obverse:

Maximinus I Thrax 235-238
Alexandria
Billon-Tetradrachm
Obv.: AYTO MAΞIMINOC EVC CEB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev.: L – A, year 1, AD 235, Roma standing left, raising hand and holding spear.
Billon, 12.47g, 23.8mm
Ref.: Kampmann/Ganschow 65.2, G 2548, D4591, Emmett 3294.

FYI, I think there's something wrong with your second photo -- it's stretched out vertically. I'd love to see what the coin really looks like!

[Al Kowsky]

Maximinus I Thrax, AD 235-238. AE Sestertius: 19.12 gm, 30.5 mm, 12 h. Rome Mint, 3rd emission, late AD 236/7. Obverse: Maximinus laureate, draped &. Reverse: Pax holding olive branch & scepter. RIC IV 84. Ex Richard McAlee Collection; Ex CNG 87, lot 1048. May 18, 2011.

Maximus as Caesar, AD 236-238. AE Sestertius: 26.39 gm, 31 mm, 12 h. Rome Mint, 3rd emission. Obverse: Maximus draped. Reverse: Maximus holding baton & transverse spear, two standards behind him. Ex CNG 70, lot 1044, 2005; Ex Munzen & Medaillen GmbH, Auction 9, lot 638, 2001. 

 

[ambr0zie]

Mr Maximinus Thrax. 

I have a non interesting (but nicely preserved) Salus sestertius 

And a denarius with a reverse showing the emperor himself 

 

But my favorite reverse is this Tarsos provincial, showing the Three Graces. The coin is not FDC but I like it a lot - one of my favorite provincials - and it is also very chunky - 37 mm and 26 grams. 

 

[shanxi]

37 minutes ago, DonnaML said:

FYI, I think there's something wrong with your second photo -- it's stretched out vertically. I'd love to see what the coin really looks like!

Looks normal to me, but I opened and saved it again. Maybe it's better to now ??

The first one is as elogated as it looks.🙂

 

Edited September 1, 2023 by shanxi

[Octavius]

 Selection of coins of Maximinus and sestertius of his son Maximus...

1. Denarius with reverse of emperor standing between two standards...

2. denarius with reverse of Salus seated feeding serpent...

3. denarius with Providentia holding cornucopia ...

4. sestertius with Victory holding wreath , VICTORIA GERMANICA, and captive at feet....

5. Sestertii with reverse of Salus feeding serpent...

6. Sestertius with PAX reverse....

7. Sestertii with FIDES MILITVM , Fides standing, holding two standards...

 

8. Sestertius of his son Maximus , as Caesar, with PRINCEPS IVVENTVTIS reverse of Maximus standing with two standards...

 

 

 

[expat]

Just one for me, with a pleasant reverse

 

[Qcumbor]

3P : Pax, Peacock, Prince of youth !!

Q

Edited September 1, 2023 by Qcumbor

[Romancollector]

I'm a little behind, but still wanted to post my Severus Alexander since I have re-photographed it. I have been slowly re-photographing my coins under natural light and have been happy with the results. The reverse depicts the emperor driving a triumphal quadriga, and the issue was struck to commemorate the assumption of his third consulship.

Also here's my sestertius of Maximus, rv. sacrificial implements.

[DonnaML]

1 hour ago, shanxi said:

Looks normal to me, but I opened and saved it again. Maybe it's better to now ??

The first one is as elogated as it looks.🙂

 

It looks fine to me now!

[DonnaML]

My Max Thrax reverses are few in number and not particularly interesting, although I'm always fascinated by his portraits for obvious reasons.

Maximinus I Thrax AR Denarius, 236-238 AD. Obv. Laureate bust right, draped & cuirassed, MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG GERM/ Rev. Fides stdg., facing, head left, holding standard in each hand, FIDES MILITVM. RIC IV-2 18A, RSC III 9, Sear RCV III 8307.  20 mm., 2.77 g.

Maximinus I Thrax, AE Sestertius, 236-238 AD, Rome Mint. Obv. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG GERM / Rev. Salus seated left, holding patera with outstretched right hand and using it to feed a serpent rising from an altar; resting left arm on side of chair, SALVS AVGVSTI; S C in exergue. RIC IV 85, BMCRE 175-176, Cohen 92, Sear RCV III 8338 (ill.). 31 mm., 17.58 g., 12 h.

As for Maximus Caesar, I still haven't replaced this terrible low-resolution FSR photo:

Maximus Caesar (son of Maximinus I) AR Denarius, 235-38 AD. Obv. Draped bust right, IVL VERVS MAXIMVS CAES / Rev. Sacrificial implements: lituus [curved augural staff], knife, jug, simpulum [ladle] & sprinkler, PIETAS AVG. RIC IV-2 1, RSC III 1, Sear RCV III 8404, BMCRE 118. 19 mm., 1.7 g.