Prieure de Sion

Today a shipment came from Spain - including this Nero Sestertius. Now I also know why the surface looks a bit smooth and greasy and washed out. The previous owner waxed the sesterce heavily. 😳 I've also used extra "Renaissance wax" - but at least it doesn't stick! I have no idea what wax was used here - but the coin sticks terribly and is very greasy in the hand. The wax has to come off! The coin has to breathe! What is best for me to take? I've never had to remove wax. I would have said I would use pure alcohol - such as "isopropanol" - that would get rid of any fat. https://amzn.eu/d/8Xlo8Z2 Other opinions and tips? Thanks!

Lucius Flaminius Chlio; Denarius of the Roman Republic Period 109/108 BC; Material: Silver; Diameter: 18mm; Weight: 3.89g; Mint: Rome; Reference: Crawford RRC 302/1; Provenance: ex Naumann Numismatic Vienna; Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma, right. Border of dots. Before Mark X. The Inscription reads: ROMA for Roma; Reverse: Victory in biga, right, holding reins in left hand and wreath in right hand. Border of dots. The Inscription reads: L FLAMINI CILO for Lucius Flaminius Chilo.

This irregular uncertain mint is from Britain or Gaul - i take Gaul, so we a "L" .... 😉 Marcus Aurelius Maus(aeus?) Carausius Bronze of the Roman Imperial Period 287-293 AD Material: AE; Diameter: 22mm; Weight: 5.87g Mint: Britain, Gaul (?); Reference: Uncertain mint Obverse: Head of Carausius, right. The Inscription reads: [...]CARAVS[...] Reverse: Clasped hands (?). The Inscription reads: [...]VXI AV ++M[...]

... but not Germany - and not Italy 😄

A coin from the time of the Second Punic War between 218 and 202 BC... Anonymous Moneyer; Victoriatus of the Roman Republic Period 211/210 BC; Material: Silver; Diameter: 16.20mm; Weight: 3.06g; Mint: Apulia; Reference: Crawford RRC 102/1; Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter, right. Border of dots; Reverse: Victory, right, crowning trophy. Line border. Controlmark Q. The Inscription reads: ROMA for Roma, the city goddess of Rome. Next: another "anonymous" issue...

Acmonia or Akmonia is an ancient city of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor, now known as Ahat Köyü in the district of Banaz, Uşak Province. It is mentioned by Cicero and was a point on the road between Dorylaeum and Philadelphia. Under the Romans, it was within the conventus iuridicus of Apamea. In 2000, a large mosaic floor depicting a gymnasium was discovered in Acmonia. Despite the emergency excavations, which started on 26 June 2000, one part of the mosaic was stolen from the excavation site. The stolen parts were later recovered in Istanbul after a police raid in 2002. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Reign: Nero, under Magistrate Lucius Servenius Capito and Iulia Severa Mint: Acmonea, Phrygia; Date: c. 55 AD Nominal: Bronze; Material: AE; Diameter: 18mm; Weight: 4.60g Reference: RPC I 3171 (#18 this coin); Reference: SNG Copenhagen 27; Reference: BMC 39-40 Obverse: Draped bust of Nero, right Inscription: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΝΕΡΩΝ ΚΛΑΥΔΙΟΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ ΓΕΡΜΑΝΙΚΟΣ Translation: Autokrator Neron Klaudios Kaisaros Sebastos Germanikos Translation: Imperator Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Reverse: Zeus seated, left, with patera and sceptre; in field, crescent and owl Inscription: ΕΠΙ ΣΕΡΟΥΗΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΠΙΤΩΝΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΙΟΥΛΙΑΣ ΣΕΟΥΗΡΑΣ ΑΚΜΟΝΕΩΝ Translation: Epi Seroueniou Kapitonos kai Ioulias Seoueras Akomeneon Translation: Under [Lucius] Servenius Capito and Iulia Severa, City of Acmonea

Thanks for that wonderful and interesting write up - and the pictures. I will take this evening me free time to read it on my tablet. Thanks Donna.

Link: Imperator Nerva Caesar Augustus Denarius of the Roman Imperial Period 97 AD Material: Silver; Diameter: 18mm; Weight: 3.42g; Mint: Rome Reference: RIC II Nerva 24; Provenance: Ex Classical Numismatics CNG USA Obverse: Head of Nerva, laureate, right. The Inscription reads: IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR POT for Imperator Nerva Caesar Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate (Imperator Nerva, Caesar, Augustus, high priest, holder of tribunician power). Reverse: Priestly emblems: simpulum, aspergillum, guttus, and lituus. The Inscription reads: COS III PATER PATRIAE for Consul Tertius, Pater Patriae (Consul for the third time, father of the nation).

There is no money in Star Trek. By developing replicators, food and drink (and other things needed for life such as clothing, etc.) can be easily created. The aspiration in Star Strek is therefore not the accumulation of capital - since money is no longer worth anything - but rather every person strives for more knowledge and education - in order to use this knowledge for the benefit of humanity. The goal is no longer to become as rich as possible - but to accumulate as much fame and honor as possible (fame and honor through research). Again - I think our system is sick. It is geared towards ever more growth and ever more wealth. Firstly, this cannot work forever on a finite planet (resources) and secondly - growth for some always means exploitation for others. And this also means violence and war.

Antigonos I Monophthalmos, as Strategos of Asia (320-306/5 BC), or king (306/5-301 BC) In the name and types of Alexander III; Drachm of the Kings of Macedon 310/301 BC Material: Silver; Diameter: 17mm; Weight: 4.5g; Mint: Lampsacus (Lampsakos), Mysia Reference: Price 1965 corr. (owl facing right, not left) Obverse: Head of Herakles to right, wearing lion skin headdress; Reverse: Zeus seated left on low throne, holding long scepter in his left hand and eagle standing right with closed wings in his right; in left field, owl standing right, head facing; monogram below throne. The Inscription reads: AΛEΞANΔPOY for Alexandrou (Alexander III the Great). Next: a coin with a Mountain please...

... ah ok - not only a coin identification (Reference) - more Informations about that. That make sense. Thanks.

The ancient name of the city was Ikonion - in Roman times Iconium - and has been attested since the 4th century BC. It is possible that this name is to be connected with Ikkunawija, a city attested several times in Hittite sources between c. 1500 and 1200 BC. The towns of the Roman sub-province of Lycaonia mostly belonged to Phrygia in Greek times. Excavations in the centre of the city (Aladdin-Tepe) yielded finds similar to Phrygian arts and crafts. In 25 AD, the area was temporarily assigned to the Roman province of Galatia or to the neighbouring Cappadocia to the east or to the southern regions of Pisidia or Pamphylia. After the Roman Emperor Claudius (reign 41-54 AD) settled veterans here, the city was called Colonia Claudia Iconium, although the abbreviated form Claudiconium is also found on coins and an inscription from this period. The city is considered to be the birthplace of Saint Thecla and is mentioned in connection with Paul in the Bible (Acts 14:1-5 EU) as well as (Acts 14:21 EU). Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Reign: Nero; Mint: Iconium, Lycaonia; Date: 62/65 AD Nominal: Bronze; Material: AE; Diameter: 22mm; Weight: 4.66g Reference: RPC I 3545 (#15 this coin) Reference: vA Lyk. 263–9 RPC Online: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/3545 Rare: Specimens 15 (3 in the core collections) Obverse: Laureate head of Nero, right Inscription: ΝЄΡωΝ ΚΑΙCΑΡ CЄΒΑCΤΟC Translation: Neron Kaisaros Sebastos Translation: Nero Caesar Augustus Reverse: Head of Perseus with harpa, right Inscription: ΚΛΑΥΔƐΙΚΟΝΙƐWΝ Translation: Klaudeikonieon Translation: City of Iconium (Colonia Claudia Iconium, short Claudiconium)

As unimaginable as it may sound, I believe this would happen if we encountered intelligent extraterrestrial life. The inhabitants of the earth are too focused on the “now and here”. The gaze is stubbornly focused on everyone around you. And I fear that this will not change in the next decades or centuries. And not as long as personal prosperity is the goal of life. In Star Trek, the writers implemented a pretty good idea of how a world population might function. The personal goal must no longer be ever more personal, selfish wealth - but the "currency of life" must change. In Star Trek, "currency" is something great for the rest of humanity to achieve. Research, honor, progress to achieve - for humanity. Because TODAY a world democracy would automatically mean that some people would have to hand over their wealth to others. And that won't work. As long as turbo capitalism is the declared maximum - this will never change - and people will exploit other people or beat them to death for even more money and financial wealth. I therefore see three possible scenarios. 1. The exploitation of poor people and the planet will continue until there is nothing left to exploit and the planet and/or the population will implode (war, climate, etc.). 2. People realize this and get rid of turbo capitalism and find another fulfillment in life (and neither is communism). 3. The only reason this could happen sooner would be the discovery of extraterrestrial life that might threaten Earth. This could massively change the perspective of Earth's inhabitants. Then perhaps humanity would stand together. a) we then take the route like in Star Trek, or... b) we grow together on Earth and then practice turbo capitalism on other worlds. We enslave the aliens and exploit their worlds.

Ok, but one question - don't get me wrong, everyone is welcome here - but you have determined the coins from Domitian to Aurelian, which means you know something and can identify coins safely. And you can apparently say with certainty that your coin is genuine (only collectors who know their stuff can do this with certainty - since you can say with certainty it is genuine - so you have to know your stuff). And you see with your eyes that the coin was set as a medallion. All of this leads me to conclude that you must be very knowledgeable if you know so much. So why on earth are you asking for identification - finding the reference wasn't a problem - especially not if you know as much as you do. What is the point of this thread and the question about the ID? 😉

Britannicus Caesar, Claudia Antonia and Claudia Octavia Reign: Claudius; Mint: Kyzikos, Mysia; Date: 41/54 AD Nominal: Bronze; Material: AE; Diameter: 13mm; Weight: 1.46g Reference: RPC I 2248 (#15 this coin) Reference: Imhoof-Blumer, NZ 1915, 91, no. 11 RPC Online: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/1/2248 RPC Online Plate: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coin/464870 Obverse: Bare head of Britannicus, right Inscription: ΝƐΟϹ ΓƐΡΜΑΝΙΚΟϹ Translation: Neos Germanicos Translation: Youthful [Tiberius Claudius Caesar] Germanicus Reverse: Draped busts of Antonia and Claudia Octavia, facing each other Inscription: ΑΝ ΟΚΤΑ Translation: Antonia Octavia Translation: [Claudia] Antonia and [Claudia] Octavia

Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus; Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 251/253 AD; Material: Silver; Diameter: 21mm; Weight: 3.81g; Mint: Rome; Reference: RIC IV Trebonianus Gallus 46A; Obverse: Bust of Trebonianus Gallus, radiate, draped, cuirassed, right. The Inscription reads: IMP CAE C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG for Imperator Caesar Caius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus; Reverse: Salus, draped, standing left, feeding out of patera in right hand snake coiled around altar and holding sceptre in left hand. The Inscription reads: SALVS AVGG for Salus Duorum Augustorum (Health of the two Augusti).

The type presented here seems to be extremely rare. I know of one specimen in the Freiburg Museum Baden Württemberg (Germany) and one specimen at SNG, plus this specimen. I have not found any other pieces during my internet research, nor any pieces at auctions in the last 20 years. Addendum: the coin type has now been added to RPC Online (SNG type, Freiburg Museum Baden Württemberg type and this coin). Perge is an ancient city 14 kilometres inland from the south coast of Turkey and 16 kilometres northeast of Antalya (ancient Attaleia) in Aksu. Along with Side, it was the most important city in Pamphylia. The ruins still standing today give a good impression of a city complex of the late Hellenistic-Roman period. Coming from the coast or from Antalya, the ancient theatre of Perge is located to the west (left). It had a capacity of 14,000 spectators, making it one of the largest of its kind. Between the theatre and the city is a large, well-preserved stadium with 15,000 seats and 50 vaults supporting the still well-preserved rows of seats. Some of them served as shops, every third one as an entrance. Towards the city, there are palace ruins from the imperial period and the large Palaestra, which is part of a large gymnasium. At the west gate are the thermal baths – an aqueduct can also be seen – and behind them the necropolis. The strategically located table mountain in the north has been called the Acropolis since the work of Karl Graf Lanckoronski (1890), because the main street of the city runs right up to it. On the south-eastern edge of the Acropolis was the extensive sanctuary of Artemis (known as Artemis Pergaia), whose cult – as in Ephesus – shaped the arts and the economy. Not least, this is evident on many an ancient coin (such as the one presented here). In Greek mythology, Artemis is the goddess of hunting, virginity, the forest, birth and the moon, as well as the guardian of women and children. She is one of the twelve great Olympian gods. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. She corresponds to Diana in Roman mythology. Perge, the hometown of Artemis Pergaia and her cult, stamped the image of the goddess on coins almost continuously, beginning in Hellenistic times (2nd century BC). At the same time, Artemis Pergaia was also the patron goddess of the entire regional centre of Perge – and was often closely related to the other Pamphylian and Pisidian communities through personal and commercial ties. Thus, the cult later spread far beyond the regional borders. From Hellenistic times, various sources contain references to temples, priests and institutionalised or private cult of the goddess from Perge. In ancient times, Artemis Pergaia was conceived and understood in two different image forms: Once as the huntress Artemis in long or short garb in a purely Greek iconography with bow or torch, the other time in an “ancient” appearance as aniconic cult icon, idol or baitylos with human head. The most important and most detailed study on the image of Artemis on the city coins of Perge was presented by Th. S. MacKay in 1990. It is the first to discuss in detail the divergent representations and to attempt to interpret them. Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus Reign: Commodus Mint: Perge, Pamphylia Date: 180/192 AD Nominal: Bronze Material: AE Diameter: 17mm Weight: 4.80g Reference: RPC IV.3 17562 (this coin) Reference: SNG France 3 419 RPC Online: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/4/17562 SNG Online: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41781168m BaWü Online: https://bawue.museum-digital.de/object/64046?navlang=de Special: 3rd known example, RPC Online Plate coin Obverse: Laureate-headed bust of Commodus wearing cuirass and paludamentum, right Inscription: AVTO KAI KOMMO Translation: Autokrator Kaisaros Kommodos Translation: Imperator Caesar Commodus Reverse: Artemis Pergaia standing left, quiver at shoulder, holding bow Inscription: ПEPΓAIΩN Translation: Pergaion Translation: City of Perge Next: a tree on a coin please...

That can be happened - thousands of touristic fake coins are throw away and you can find it. But - this coin is not genuine. Sorry.

Thats very hard, because all ancient citys will end with a "a", "n" or "s" - so i feel 😄 But i will give you an "i"... Aizanoi (Latin Aezani) is an ancient city in the landscape of Phrygia in Asia Minor (today Turkey, near Çavdarhisar, about 50 km southwest of Kütahya). It lies in the valley of the Bedir Çayı (Penkalas), a headwater river of the Kocaçay (Rhyndakos). Extensive excavations make Aizanoi a well-researched example of a smaller city, especially during the Roman Empire. According to the founding legend, the city was founded by Arcadian settlers. There is archaeological evidence of settlement as early as the 3rd millennium BC, but a more extensive settlement did not emerge until the Hellenistic period. Around 200 BC, the area in which Aizanoi is located became part of the Kingdom of Pergamon as Phrygia epiktetos ("acquired Phrygia"); for a time it also belonged to Bithynia. The Pergamenian kings settled mercenaries who probably came from Macedonia. Together with its entire empire, the city became part of the Roman province of Asia after 133 BC. Aizanoi experienced a great boom in the early imperial period. In particular, numerous public buildings were erected, such as a temple to Artemis Hagiotate in the middle of the 1st century AD, and before its end the sanctuary of Zeus, the main god of the city, in the form of a pseudodipteros. Large parts of it have been preserved. On the walls of the cella are the remains of extensive inscriptions from Hadrianic times, which refer to the land ownership of the sanctuary. Remarkable is a barrel vault with light windows underneath, which probably served as a cult room. Another important deity was the metre Steunene, who was worshipped in a cave. In the 2nd century AD, a theatre was also built in several construction phases, which was connected to the neighbouring stadium in an unusual way. In addition, the banks of the Penkala were fortified and in 157 a bridge was built that still exists today. Some of these building measures are connected with a rich family of the city, especially Ulpius Appuleianus Flavianus and his son Ulpius Appuleius Eurycles. Eurycles was also an envoy to the Panhellenion in Athens, which Hadrian had established. During this time, a large bath and gymnasium complex was also built, as well as a water conduit that probably led to it. Other public buildings included a round building that served as a macellum (market building) and to which a copy of Diocletian's maximum price edict was attached, and a late antique (around 400 AD) colonnaded street. Caligula, Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; Under Magistrate Straton Medeos; Bronze of the Roman Imperial Period 37/41 AD; Material: AE; Diameter: 19mm; Weight: 4.47g; Mint: Aezani, Phrygia; Reference: RPC I 3075, BMC 58; Obverse: Laureate head of Caligula, right. The Inscription reads: ΓΑΙΟΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ for Gaios Kaisaros (Gaius Caesar); Reverse: Zeus standing, left, with eagle and sceptre. The Inscription reads: ΑΙΖΑΝΙΤWΝ ƐΠΙ ΜΗΔΗΟΥ for Aizaniton epi Medeou ([Coin] of the citizens of Aezani, [struck] under Aristarchos Medeos).

Thanks again to @Roman Collector for the help with the determination - access for the weekend. Apparently I happened to get a slightly rarer type. At acsearch I only found 4 Sesterces, 2 As and 1 Dupondius for this Aeternitas type. Diva Faustina I the Elder under Antoninus Pius; Reign: Antoninus Pius; Mint: Rome; Date: 141 AD; Nominal: As; Material: AE Bronze; Diameter: 27mm; Weight: 11.16g; Reference: BMC 1548; Reference: Cohen 31; Reference: RIC III Antoninus Pius 1158; Obverse: Bust of Faustina I, draped, right, hair elaborately waved and coiled in bands across head and drawn up at back and piled in a round coil on top; Inscription: DIVA FAVSTINA; Translation: Diva Faustina; Translation: The divine Faustina [the Elder]; Reverse: Aeternitas standing left, holding globe and raising above head a starry mantle; Inscription: AETERNITAS S C; Translation: Aeternitas, Senatus Consultum; Translation: Eternity. Decree of the senate.

About 20-30 years ago we had these pictures every winter. But it has become less and less every year. In the last 3-5 years we have not had - I repeat - not a single day where there has been snow here! I am in southern Germany near the Black Forest. We used to have cross-country skiing here and lots of ski lifts. Nothing has been open for several years. Even snow cannons don't help here. This turn of the year is particularly bad - we haven't seen any sun for about 4 weeks, it's wet and cold and it rains non-stop. And this in an area where, as children, we actually used to go sledding in front of the front door every day.

You've skimmed through a text again and didn't read it properly - but maybe you just don't understand some things. I wrote that trading is completely okay if it is done openly and fairly. But not with any flimsy arguments. I often trade with my buyers - and it's completely okay if you trade openly and honestly with each other. But not like in this case. But as I wrote - lately you've just been reading through the texts quickly and making some kind of comment underneath - and when people want concrete arguments from you, you just evade them. And I don't just refer to my posts. Maybe you'll think about why you're now on the forum's ignore list for some users here. Just think about it. In this sense... 😉

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, known as Elagabal Reign: Elagabalus; Mint: Rome; Date: 219/220 AD Nominal: Denarius; Material: Silver; Diameter: 19mm; Weight: 3.03g Reference: BMC 162; Reference: Cohen 264; Reference: RIC IV Elagabalus 141 Obverse: Bust of Elagabalus, laureate, draped, right Inscription: IMP ANTONINVS AVG Translation: Imperator Antoninus Augustus Reverse: Salus, draped, standing left, feeding out of patera in right hand snake coiled round altar and holding rudder set on globe in left hand Inscription: SALVS AVGVSTI Translation: Salus Augusti Translation: Health of the emperor

Utica is a historic city in modern-day Tunisia. According to the Roman historian Velleius Paterculus, it was built around 1100 BC. Founded in the 1st century BC and was considered the oldest Phoenician city in North Africa in ancient times. However, the archaeological finds in Utica date back to the 8th century BC. BC to the 8th century AD. Since Gades, which was founded at about the same time according to Velleius Paterculus, had no Phoenician settlement before around 800 BC. BC could be proven, the reported very early founding date is extremely doubtful. The name “Utica” is the Latinized form of the Punic-Phoenician ˁattiq, meaning “the old (city)”. Utica was located at the mouth of the Bagradas (now Medjerda) in what is now Tunisia. The cemeteries extend on both sides of the watercourse that served as a harbor. The city soon expanded inland. The city always held a special position among Carthage's vassals. In Carthage's first treaty with Rome in 508 BC. Utica does not appear. This could mean that it was still completely independent back then. In the second treaty with Rome in 348 BC. Utica is mentioned alongside Carthage in the 4th century BC. When Agathocles advanced from Syracuse to Africa, he was able to do so in 308 BC. Take Utica and thus temporarily isolate Carthage. In the Mercenary War it was taken by the renegade mercenaries, which occurred in 240 BC. BC led to the First Battle of Utica. Even afterwards, the city remained loyal to the rebels' cause. When she finally submitted, she was not punished excessively severely. Despite this temporary apostasy, Utica once again appears as a nominal equal in the treaty between Hannibal and Philip V of Macedon in 215 BC. In the Second Punic War, Publius Cornelius Scipio besieged the city after landing in Africa and defeated the Carthaginian relief army. Utica fell in the Third Punic War around 150 BC. BC from Carthage and fought on the side of Rome. In the Roman province of Africa, Utica had the status of a free city with certain special rights and was until 43 BC. BC under the name Municipium Julium Uticense provincial capital. In 46 B.C. Cato the Younger died there by suicide. Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, issued by Mn. Cordius Rufus Reign: Roman Republic, Civil War; Mint: Military mint in North Africa, probably Utica Date: 47/46 BC; Nominal: Denarius; Material: Silver; Diameter: 19mm; Weight: 3.78g Reference: Sydenham 1053; Reference: Babelon Porcia 10a; Reference: Crawford RRC 462/1b Obverse: Female bust (possibly Roma), right, hair tied with band Inscription: ROMA M CATO PRO PR Translation: Roma Marcus Cato Pro Praetore Translation: Roma, Marcus [Porcius] Cato, Army Commander Reverse: Victory seated right, holding wreath in right hand and palm-branch in left hand, over left shoulder Inscription: VICTRIX Translation: Victrix Translation: Victorious

... a very nice (erotic) presentation of Securitas.