justus
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Posts posted by justus
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There's also an in-depth paper by Estiot and Zanchi on this series, from Rev. Num. 171 (2014) :
"De Lyon à Trèves. L’ouverture de l’atelier de Trèves à l’époque tétrarchique et ses premières émissions"
Thanks for the information.
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Is the following coin puzzle already known in the forum? In my opinion it's an interesting and informative pastime. There are 3 different levels of difficulty "Easy - Medium - Hard". At the end it is shown how much time it took to solve the puzzle.
For members who don't know the puzzle yet... have fun!
https://coinsweekly.com/puzzle/
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One might also suggest other meanings for C and D such as C(onstantius) - who controlled the Trier mint at that time, and D(iocleatianus) whose coinage reform and decennalia are being reflected here.
In my opinion, a reference to the ruler in whose name the coins were issued would be unusual, since the markings "C" and "D" are on the reverse in the field to the left of the portrait, where later often emission marks may be found. According to Gilles, "C" and "D" are on the 1st emission of Trier antoniniani from 293/294 AD, thus before the coin reform.
The former director of the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier, Karl-Josef Gilles, also refers to PT, PTR, C- and D-PTR as the first mint marks for Trier before the reform of Diocletianus in 294 AD. *
In the case of the bronze coinage, Gilles considers two galleries to be documented for the period from 297-303, and only one from 303-315. **
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* Karl-Josef Gilles, Das Münzkabinett im Rheinische Landesmuseum Trier – Ein Überblick zur trierischen Münzgeschichte, in: Schriftenreihe des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Trier Nr. 13, Trier 1996, S. 26.
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** ebd. S. 33.
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Henry VI. denarius (silver), Messina mint (Sicily) 1194-1197 AD. Vs: +E.INPERATOR. cross in circle. Rs: C. INPERATRIX. eagle in a circle. Weight: 0.7 gr. Ref. Spahr 28. Uncleaned, still in state of discovery!
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Manfred denarius (Billon), Manfredonia or Brindisi mint 1258-1266 AD. Obv.+ NFRIDVS REX (Manfridus Rex); MA/y, above omega. Rev. SI-CI-LI-E; long cross dividing the inscription. Weight: 0.8 gr. Ref. MEC 14, 610; Save 200.
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Conrad I. denarius (silver), Messina mint (Sicily) 1250-1254 AD. Obv.: + CONRADVS, base with crosses in two angles. Rev.: + IERL' ET SICIL' around arc over RX. Weight: 0.7 gr. Ref. Spahr 157 (RR); Grierson/Travaini -. "Conradus / R(e)x - Ier(oso)l(yme) et Sicil(ie)" - "Conrad / King of Jerusalem and Sicily".
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The reign of the Staufer dynasty over Sicily is, in my opinion, one of the most fascinating epochs in medieval history. As I grew up in "Schwaben", only a few miles from their ancestral castle, the "Hohenstaufen", I would like to show you some pieces from my collection from the sicilian and south-italian mints.
Frederick II. denarius (Silver) undated, Messina mint (Sicily) ca. 1225 AD. Obv.: IRL' SICIL' REX, crowned head left. Rev.: + F IPERATOR, base with three points in two angles. Weight: 0.6 gr. Ref. Spahr 113; Grierson/Travaini 545. "F(ridericus) i(m)perator / I(e)r(oso)l(yme et) Sicil(ie) rex" - "Frederick, Emperor / of Jerusalem and Sicily king".
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For the reconstruction of the mint, the staff of at least one, but probably even two officines were withdrawn from the Gallic mint of Lyon. In the short period until the coinage reform of Diocletian in 294, one gold and three Antoninian issues could still take place. In contrast to the coins of the Gallic emperors struck earlier in Trier, however, these issues already bore the first Trier mint marks.
Specifically, these were PTR (PERCVSSUM TREVERIS), C-PTR (1st Offizin – CAPITALIS ?) and D-PTR (2nd Offizin – DVO ?).
Peter N. Schulten* uses the mint mark PTR for the 15th issue of 310/312 AD for Solidi and 1/2 Solidi. Folles, in his opinion, are minted in two offices, namely A/S-PTR and B/S-PTR, i.e. 1st and 2nd officin. 1/2 Folles, on the other hand, only with PTR.
* Peter N. Schulten, Die römische Münzstätte Trier von der Wiederaufnahme ihrer Tätigkeit bis zum Ende der Folles-Prägung, Frankfurt a. M. 1974, S. 24.
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I can't believe it's the same coin. Fantastic work!-
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A lot of highly interesting barbarized imitations.👍 -
A destroyed coin in my opinion.-
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Definitely not a Byzantine lead seal, but an Imperial Roman approx. 3rd/4th Century. There are several dozen of these small seals in my collection, all from finds in Trier. Numerous seals have been found in Trier on the Moselle river on the banks where goods were unloaded from ships in Roman times. They were used to seal trade goods and were thrown away after use.The Trierer Münzfreunde e. V. Have published some essays on this:Knickrehm, W.: Römische Plomben aus Trier von Marc Aurel bis Constantin
Leukel, H.-J.: Römische Fundplomben aus Trier 2002-2015
Leukel, H.-J.: Römische Bleiplomben aus Trierer Funden (Teil 1)
Leukel, H.-J.: Römische Bleiplomben aus Trierer Funden (Teil 3)
Leukel, H.-J.: Römische Bleiplomben aus Trierer Funden (Nachtrag)
Leukel, H.-J.: Römische Plomben aus Trierer Funden 1995-2001
http://www.muenzfreunde-trier.de – Petermännchen-Verlag - Trierer Petermännchen
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Exploratory excavations were carried out on the foundations of the Roman city wall prior to the construction of an extension for the city museum on Simeonstiftplatz next to the Porta Nigra. In the course of the excavations, older indications of roman debris in this area could be substantiated by quickly discovering a 1.00 to 1.70 m thick deposit of rubble along the entire length of the construction site.
My club friend Wilfried Knickrehm, who worked as a volunteer for the preservation of archaeological monuments, noticed at an early stage of the excavations that there were a large number of antoninians from the time of the Gallic Empire (260-274).
These were coins of Victorinus (269-271), Tetricus I (271-274) and his son Tetricus II. Further systematic investigations of the excavation yielded bronze cast residues, ingot fragments, cast rods and coin blanks, the weight of which corresponded exactly to the weight of the antoninians found.
Karl-Josef Gilles (RLM Trier) identified the finds as the remains of a mint from the time of the Gallic Empire, which were probably deposited at this location after a fire together with rubble of the mint. The mint itselfs could not have been far from this location, being outside of the roman residential area, that means established near the city wall.
The mint of the Constantine era and later has not yet been discovered, but it is likely to have been rebuilt after the fire at the same site, or at least in its vicinity.
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Most of these irregular coinage are imitations of Tetricus I/II with Pax at the reverse. [...]CVS PF [AVG]!
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On 8/15/2022 at 5:36 PM, Magnus Maximus said:
Hello all,
As someone who has been collecting coins from the late Roman period for some time, I had always been missing a nice siliqua of Valentinian II. Valentinian II is no more than a footnote in the late Roman world. However, I believe him to be a harbinger of further things to come to the Western Roman Empire.
Flavius Valentinianus was born in 371 to Emperor Valentinian I and his second wife, Justina. Valentinian II was the half-brother of Emperor Gratian. Valentinian II was only four years old when his father died in 375. With the death of Valentinian I, generals and court officials in Mediolanum declared the 4-year-old a full Augustus without consulting Gratian or Valens. However, Gratian took the usurpation well and came to a power-sharing agreement with his younger half-brother. After the disastrous Battle of Adrianople occurred that led to the death of Valens(Valentinian II's uncle), along with the field army of Thrace, the courts of Gratian and Valentinian II were left to pick up the pieces. After realizing that the task of clearing out the Goths from Thrace was too much, Gratian then appointed Theodosius I as his eastern colleague. In 380, all three Augusti issued the Edict of Thessalonica, which in essence outlawed Arianism.
In AD 383, Magnus Maximus, a Hispano-Roman general in charge of a significant Roman garrison in Britain, revolted. Maximus's army quickly crossed the English Channel into Gaul and skirmished with the forces loyal to Gratian. After a few days of light skirmishes, most of Gratian's troops defected to Maximus. Gratian was caught by Maximus's magister militum near Lyon and swiftly executed. The events leading to Gratian's downfall had so quickly transpired that the court of Valentinian II was caught completely off guard. Forces that remained loyal to Valentinian II are reported to have blocked the alpine passes into Italy. At the same time, messengers were sent to Constantinople for reinforcements from Theodosius I. By late 383, St Ambrose of Milian is said to have helped broker a truce between Maximus and Valentinian, where Maximus would be recognized as an official Imperial colleague, and would rule over Hispania, Gaul, Britania, and parts of north Africa. In exchange for Maximus's elevation to the purple, Valentinian II would be secure "ruling" Italy, most of north Africa, Raetia, and Pannonia. The peace of Ambrose would hold for nearly four years before Maximus invaded Italy in 387. Valentinian II and his court fled to Constantinople to meet with Theodosius I to garner support to defeat Maximus. Theodosius I was initially reluctant to support Valentinian due to his support for Arian Christianity and Maximus's formidable forces. Only after Valentinian converted to Nicene Christianity and Theodosius wed his sister, Galla, did Theodosius march against Maximus.
After the defeat of Maximus in late 388, Valentinian II was reinstalled as Augustus of the Western Roman Empire, but with a catch! Theodosius I had left Valentinian II under the care and direction of his Romanized Frank, Arbogast. In addition, Theodosius I appointed all high-ranking positions in the western court. In a move to isolate Valentinian II from Ambrose and the Roman senate, Theodosius had Valentinian set up his court at Vienne, Gaul. At 17, Valentinian II held no real power, despite his effort to try to break free of Arbogast. It is recorded that Arborgast personally killed one of Valentinian's friends in front of him. The final breaking point between the two men came when Valentinian II gave the generalissimo a dismissal letter, to which he tore it up and laughed in the Emperor's face. Valentinian II wrote to Ambrose in 392, saying his death was imminent and that he was fearful. Valentinian II would later be found hung in his bed chamber on 15 May, 392. He was 21 years old.
As I said earlier, Valentinian II is significant in the fact that he is a harbinger of what was to come for the Roman Empire: a weak child Emperor under the thumb of a strong barbarian generalissimo. Valentinian's life truly is a tragedy as he was only four years old when his father died, 12 when his brother died, and 17 when his mother died. In addition, though he was technically a full Augustus from 375 to 392, he never had any real power and was either a political hostage or pawn to another Emperor. Valentinian's death is still unsolved to this day, as historians are split between suicide or murder by Arbogast. I tend to support the suicide hypothesis as the young man was isolated from any friends or family he had, was writing to Ambrose of Milian in a rather depressed manner, and was living in the shadow of his father and half-brother.
On a lighter note, I have purchased my first siliqua of Valentinian II! The coin was struck at Trier between 375 and 379, while Valentinian II was between 4 and 8 years old.
Valentinian II, 375-392. Siliqua (Silver, 19 mm, 2.00 g, 6 h), Treveri, 375-378. D N VALENTINIANVS IVN P F AVG Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Valentinian II to right. Rev. VICTOR-IA AVGGG / TRPS Victory advancing left, holding palm frond in her right hand and trophy over her left shoulder. RIC 43. RSC 40†a. Nicely toned. Struck from slightly worn dies, otherwise, very fine.
Even though I, as a Trier resident and of course a member of the Trierer Münzfreunde, have an extensive collection of coins from the roman mint of Augusta Treverorum, I am still missing a few Silquae, including this very beautiful Valentinian II.-
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I agree with shanxi. The legend starts with DN (dominus noster). Behind it there could be 3 or four letters. The last of these appears to be a "V". In connection with the chi-rho in the field on the left side, the legend "DN PLA VALENTINIANVS PF AVG" lends itself. Thus it would be an imitation of a follis of Valentinianus III. act.
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Help with Augustus please.
in Roman Empire
Posted
In my opinion definitely a modern cast forgery!