justus

Thank's a lot!. That seems to me a sufficient explanation for the three jags on Diana's head. Rev. DIANAE LVCIFERAE, Diana with tiara walking to right, holding long torch in both hands, carrying quiver on back.

I was recently able to add a new, fairly rare AR Radiatus to my Postumus collection for the first time in a long time. The headgear of Diana lucifera puzzles me. Crescent moon or horns / antlers? Postumus AR Antoninianus (21mm, 3.35g, 12h). Treveri, AD 266-267. Obv. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust to r. Rev. DIANAE LVCIFERAE, Diana walking to r., holding long torch in both hands, carrying quiver on back. 21 mm. 3.35 g. 12h. Ref. RIC V.2 299 (Colonia Agrippinensis); Mairat 336 (Treveri/Trier), 336; Elmer -; RSC 33. Scarce variant of the type with Diana carrying a quiver.

The style of the London coins is very close to the portraits of the Trier coins. It seems entirely possible that Treveri/Trier was also responsible for supplying coins to London for a time? Another possibility would be to supply the London mint with stamps or even mint workers from Treveri/Trier.

To my surprise, I was able to acquire a rather rare "Auswurfmünze" of Maximianus I Herculius from the Roman mint of Treveri/Trier. I was astonished because apparently no one had noticed that it was one of those small "medallions for the people". According to Carl-Friedrich Zschucke, these were neither “local” nominals, as Voetter believed, nor eighth or quarter follis, as Strauss and partly also the RIC, as well as Schulten, referred to these parts, but something like “small medallions for the people”, which probably had no monetary value at all, but were souvenirs or propaganda pieces for certain political events. Only minted in a smaller edition and come in 2 sizes. The larger one has a diameter of 15 - 20 mm and a weight of 1.5 - 3.0 g. The smaller one of only 10 - 15 mm and 1.0 - 1.5 g. Maximianus I Herculius Æ Auswurfmünze, 13th partial emission in Treveri/Trier. Occasion: consecration celebrations for the ancestors in the main residences, including in Trier, 318 AD. Obv. DIVO MAXIMIANO OPT1IMP, veiled bust with laurel wreath right. Rev. REQVIES OPT MER, emperor sitting on curule chair to the left, raising hand, holding scepter. STR in ex. 1.60 g. 15 mm. Ref. Zschucke 13.26, RIC 205.

Constantius II Æ maiorina or centenionalis, minted by Poemenius in the mint of Trier (1st offizina) 351 – 352 AD. Obv. DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev. SALVS AVG NOSTRI, large chi-rho flanked by A-ω across fields. Mintmark TRP. Weight: 6.65 g. Diameter: 24-26 mm. Axis: 12 o'clock. Ref. RIC VIII Trier 332, S. From my own collection (Sammlung Jost). According to Kent (NC 1959, pp. 105–108), this coin was minted by Poemenius in anticipation of the emperor's reconquest of the city. Literature on this topic: (1) Walter Coler Holt, Usurping a Usurper: the Revolt of Poemenius at Trier, in: Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia, vol. 7, 2005, p. 8. https://numismatics.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Vol-17-Article-10.pdf

Magnentius Æ maiorina or centenionalis, mint of Trier (2nd offizina) 350 – 353 AD. Obv. DN MAGNEN-TIVS PF AVG, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev. SALVS DD NN AVG ET CAES around large chi-rho, flanked by A-ω across fields. Mintmark TRS1. Weight: 6.27 g. Diameter: 23-24 mm. Axis: 5 o'clock. Ref. RIC VIII Trier 318ff. From my own collection (Sammlung Jost).

Decentius Æ maiorina or centenionalis, mint of Trier (2nd offizina) 353 AD. Obv. D N DECENTI-VS FORT CAES, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev. SALVS DD NN AVG ET CAES, large chi-rho flanked by A-ω across fields. Mintmark TRS1. Weight: 5.29 g. Diameter: 24-25 mm. Axis: 7 o'clock Ref. RIC VIII 324,S. (R) From my own collection (Sammlung Jost).

Poemenius was a late antique Roman officer. Ammianus Marcellinus (15,6,4) reports, that Poemenius led the city's defense against Decentius, the brother of the usurper Magnentius, on behalf of the residents of Augusta Treverorum (now Trier). Amm. 15,6.4 After him Poemenius, doomed like evil doers, was haled to execution and perished; he was the man (as we have told above)* who was chosen to protect his fellow-citizens when Treves closed its gates against Decentius Caesar.** * In one of the lost books. ** Decentius had been given the rank of Caesar by his brother Magnentius. Poemenius minted bronze coins at the mint of Trier, the reverse motif of which had been introduced with the large christogram by Magnentius, but which showed the portrait of Constantius II on the obverse, thereby expressing his support for the regular emperor Constantius II. The evaluation of the coins showed that this “Revolt of Poemenius” in Trier probably took place in July 353 at the earliest. Ammianus Marcellinus further reports that Poemenius was executed after the failed usurpation of Silvanus in 355. In hope of more beautiful specimens with the large christogram at the reverse side from your collections, I would like to introduce you some pieces from my own collection from this series with obverse sides of Constantius II, Magnentius and Decentius. Magnentius Æ maiorina or centenionalis, mint of Trier (1st offizina) 350 – 353 AD. Obv. DN MAGNEN-TIVS PF AVG, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev. SALVS DD NN AVG ET CAES around large chi-rho, flanked by A-ω across fields. Mintmark TRP. Weight: 6.78 g. Diameter: 27-28 mm. Axis: 11 o'clock. Ref. RIC VIII Trier 318,P. From my own collection (Sammlung Jost).

The Revolt of Poemenius and the mint of Trier Portraits on roman coins often offer us a deep insight into the complex aspects of Roman society and make it clear, that coins didn't serve only as currency, but also as a contribute to the dissemination of political messages that appeal to all segments of the population and should strengthen the bonds between emperor and people. Such a historically extremely interesting coin, which refers to a political event that can be dated quite precisely, is the following bronze coinage minted by Poemenius.

Gallienus Æ antoninianus (error coin, double-striking), Antiochia 263 n. Chr. Obv. GALLIENVS AVG / radiate draped bust right. Rev. IOVI STATORI / Jupiter standing left, looking right, holding thunderbolt and thunderbolt. Star in ex. Weight: 3,25 g. Diameter: 22 mm. Axis: 1 o'clock. Ref. RIC 645 var (position of star); Goebl 1612i; Sear 10245. Ex. Savoca 235th Weekly Blue Auction Lot 411.

Postumus Æ sestertius, Trier 3rd issue, Offizin A, 261 AD. Obv. IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG / Draped armored bust (vvg) with paludamentum and ray crown to the right. Rev. LAETITIA / Galley to the left. AVG in ex. Weight: 15.89 g. Diameter: 30-31 mm. Axis: 2 o'clock. Ref. Mairat 122, Bastien 90. Ex. WAG Auction 138.

To determine the mint of Postumus and other rulers of the Gallic Empire, I always consult the excellent doctoral thesis by Jerome Mairat (2014) and then compare it with the corresponding information by Georg Elmer (1941). I do not want to hide the fact that older determinations such as RIC and Elmer came to different results (see below). Mairat's attributions seem quite likely to me, especially after the discovery of a Roman mint near the Porta Nigra for the time of the Gallic Empire. Jerome Mairat assigns your double sestertius to the Trier mint, while Elmer still thought Cologne and the RIC Lyon were the mint. See Wilfried Knickrehm, Official and local mints of the Gallic Empire in and around Trier, 2014. Mairat: Double sestertius, ordinary coinage early – end 261 [Bastien' issue 3: 261] Trier 3rd issue officina A. No. 129.1 (plate 51) RIC no. 123 - Lyon 262 AD Elmer no. 233 - Cologne 3rd issue end 260 AD

Another bronze coin from my collection with an interesting legend error, an inverted S in the section. Postumus Æ sestertius (legend error), Trier 3rd issue, officina B, spring 261 AD. Obv. IMP C POSTVMVS PIVS F AVG / Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust (seen from front) with paludamentum right. Rev. VICTORIAE AVG / Two Victories standing facing each other, attaching shield to palm, two captives at its base. SC (S reversed!) in ex. Weight: 14.19 g. Diameter: 27-29mm. Axis: 5 o'clock. Ref. Mairat 79, Bastien 39.

@galba68 So what is the dark spot at the top of the coin? Earth deposits? Could you perhaps take a close-up of this spot (approx. 1 - 2 o'clock)?

The denarius is probably an ancient forgery, more precisely a so called fouree denarius.