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Emperors of Rome - A (Chronological) Portrait Gallery


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On 3/20/2023 at 10:51 AM, DonnaML said:

Yours is great too. What do you think Venus is holding? On my example posted above, it looks sort of like an apple balanced on a spike. On yours, it looks a bit more substantial.

Sorry for the slow reply, @DonnaML! This is an interesting question, which @Roman Collector and I have puzzled over before.  The conclusion we came to?

image.jpeg.35bace6b1d19a1e9cfa70d5b6f0332d2.jpeg

Seriously, though, I wonder what it really is?  The most detailed examples on acsearch tend to look like a sphere or disk on a tripod:

image.jpeg.34ad79603ebda171944d9aa6d26b9b7a.jpeg

Given Aurelian's devotion to Sol Invictus, I wonder if it might be a solar disk?  It's interesting that the type doesn't occur on antoniniani. If these denarii were intended for distribution to the people (rather than as payment for soldiers, for example) perhaps some subtle religious advertising was in order?

More likely, though, is that it depicts a more normal accompaniment to Venus Felix, namely a small representation of Cupid.  Below is a nicely engraved Mamaea sestertius (left) and a poorly engraved one (right), both depicting Venus holding Cupid. On a small flan, and devolving from earlier representations, one can see how the triangle plus disk on the Severina denarii could just be an abbreviated Cupid:

image.jpeg.a958fe1e8cd5fe385d140cb67fac40cd.jpeg

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Moving right along, we enter the time of Florianus...and my sole example of this emperor...

Florianus (Latin: Marcus Annius Florianus Augustus; died 276 C.E.) was Roman Emperor from July to September of that year. According to the chronicler Aurelius Victor, he was born in a Danube province around the year 220. Considering the brevity of his reign, (3 months) he issued a wide variety of reverse types. He was reputedly the maternal half-brother of Tacitus, who was proclaimed emperor in late 275, after the unexpected death of Emperor Aurelian. At the time Florian was appointed as the Praetorian prefect. After Tacitus died in July 276, allegedly assassinated as a consequence of a military plot, Florianus proclaimed himself emperor, with the recognition of the Roman Senate and much of the empire. However, Probus rose up shortly after Florianus ascended the throne, with the backing of the provinces Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicia. Probus took advantage of the terrain of the Cilician Gates in Asia Minor, and the hot summer sun which beat down on Florianus' army. They switched allegiance to Probus and  killed the unfortunate Florian. 

Coin:  AE antoninianus, 23mm 4.1 grams, bulk of silvering intact.

Obverse: IMP FLORIANVS AVG, Radiate portrait right, draped and cuirassed.

Reverse: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Victory standing right, presenting wreath of victory to Florian standing opposite and holding spear. Mintmark: S. (Cyzicus)

florian1.jpg.4f3d256811a4d6585e300cbf8ce30b7b.jpg

florian2.jpg.b783d8f54fa0d47785b9679b424c9790.jpgReference: Cohen 15; Sear 11853. 

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My only Florianus, as sometimes noticed, has a strangely similar portrait to @Severus Alexander's nice Tacitus, both from the Lyon (Lugdunum) mint, though :

 

16 hours ago, Severus Alexander said:

 

image.jpeg.8f2043abe4c5425696b5594191f30ef9.jpeg

22712ea4a675454e9e3957d1a5f22d90.jpg

Florianus, Antoninianus - Lyon mint, 3rd emission, 1st officina
IMP C M AN FLORIANVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right seen from front (A)
TEMPORVM FELICITAS, Felicitas standing raight, holding caduceus in right hand and cornucopia in left hand. I at exergue (1st officina)
4.1 gr
Ref : RCV # 11874v., Bastien # 146 pl. XVI, RIC # 12, C # 89, La Venèra hoard # II.2/2632

 

Q

Edited by Qcumbor
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My Florianus, and favorite portrait,

flor.jpg.501cba2205d4b078af73f2baac61ea4c.jpg

IMP C M ANN FLORIANVS AVG :  Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

PROVIDEN DEOR / * / KA Δ :  Providentia standing right, holding two standards, facing Sol standing left, extending arm and holding globe

Antoninianus, Serdica,  AD 276, RIC Va 111 p.360

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17 hours ago, Severus Alexander said:

Sorry for the slow reply, @DonnaML! This is an interesting question, which @Roman Collector and I have puzzled over before.  The conclusion we came to?

image.jpeg.35bace6b1d19a1e9cfa70d5b6f0332d2.jpeg

Seriously, though, I wonder what it really is?  The most detailed examples on acsearch tend to look like a sphere or disk on a tripod:

image.jpeg.34ad79603ebda171944d9aa6d26b9b7a.jpeg

Given Aurelian's devotion to Sol Invictus, I wonder if it might be a solar disk?  It's interesting that the type doesn't occur on antoniniani. If these denarii were intended for distribution to the people (rather than as payment for soldiers, for example) perhaps some subtle religious advertising was in order?

More likely, though, is that it depicts a more normal accompaniment to Venus Felix, namely a small representation of Cupid.  Below is a nicely engraved Mamaea sestertius (left) and a poorly engraved one (right), both depicting Venus holding Cupid. On a small flan, and devolving from earlier representations, one can see how the triangle plus disk on the Severina denarii could just be an abbreviated Cupid:

image.jpeg.a958fe1e8cd5fe385d140cb67fac40cd.jpeg

Thank you, @Severus Alexander. I think your theory that it's a devolved Cupid makes perfect sense. Even on my example, if I enlarge what I saw as an "apple on a spike," I can see what looks like a small arm branching off diagonally to the upper right. And there are certainly plenty of other examples in Roman coinage of a small child standing upright in the palm of its mother's hand.

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Bronze Coin (AE Antoninianus) minted at Serdica during the reign of FLORIAN in 276 A.D. Obv. IMP.C.M.ANN.FLORIANVS.AVG.: Rad., dr. & cuir. bust r. Rev. PROVIDEN.DEOR.: Providentia stg. r. holding two ensigns, facing Sol stg. l., r hand raised, l. holding globe, in ex. HKA, in field *. RICV #111. DVM #13.

image.png.01ad83dba488ed8e4a1bf1695d3fd765.pngimage.png.ceb2f4a2c27a3814607f2b220d381f91.png

Bronze Coin (AE Antoninianus) minted at Ticinum during the reign of FLORIAN in 276 A.D. Obv. IMP.C.M.AN.FLORIANVS.P.AVG.: Rad., dr. & cuir. bust r. Rev. CONCORDIA.MILIT.: FLORIAN stg. r., clasping hand of Concordia stg. l. RICV #57.

image.png.6076bc04a6e35b0868175aeea3f97080.pngimage.png.9a629e5628b0fec6155eb1a810ad83ad.png

Bronze Coin (AE Antoninianus) minted at Cyzicus during the reign of FLORIAN in 276 A.D. Obv. IMP.FLORIANVS.AVG.: Rad., dr. & cuir. bust r. Rev. CONCORDIA.MILITVM.: Victory stg. r., holding palm, presenting wreath to FLORIAN stg. l., holding sceptre. RICV #116.

image.png.bbef6d5879e764c54fad53f8c574d2dd.pngimage.png.40b67dae12eb984dd648f5405e14e58a.png

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This a chance to show off this Florian ...

[IMG]
Florian, AD 276.
Roman billon Aurelianus, 3.28 g, 21.2 mm, 12 h.
Cyzicus, officina 3; issue 1, AD 276.
Obv: IMP FLORIANVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum.
Rev: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Victory stg. r., holding wreath in r. hand and palm against l. shoulder, facing Emperor in military dress stg. l., r. hand outstretched and holding long sceptre in l. hand; T in exergue.
Refs: RIC 116; MER/RIC temp #4530; Cohen 15; CBN 1982-3; RCV 11853; Hunter 20.
 
 
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Here is my Ringo Star looking Probus:

Bronze coin (AE Antoninianus) minted at Serdica during the reign of PROBUS between 276 - 282 A.D. Obv. IMP.C.M.AVR.PROBVS.AVG.: Radiate, draped bust r. Rev. RESTITVT.ORBIS.: Figure of Orbis Terratum, stg. l., presenting wreath to PROBUS on r., holding spear, in ex. KH.H. in field *. RCS #3364. RICV #851 pg.111. DVM #39 pg.261.

image.png.f0cb70e4e0cbf1176e2a8a38dcc9e0a7.pngimage.png.b9298acc6586027b919937ecca6b9301.png

 

Edited by Jims,Coins
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My favorite Probus portraits :

 

IMP C M AVR PROBVS P AVG : radiate bust of Probus left, seen from the front wearing imperial mantel, with eagle tipped spear in right hand

SOLI INVICTO //KAA : Sol standing facing, head left, in spread quadriga, with whip in left hand.

Antoninianus, Serdica, RIC Vb 864pro1.jpg.2ac38e0fbcc59c171bbfd2e56ea733b3.jpg

IMP PROBVS P F AVG: radiate and cuirassed bust to right

VICTOR - IA GERM // R(thunderbolt)A : trophy between two captives

Antoninianus. Rome, AD 276-282, RIC Vb 220pro2.jpg.7ac71bcbfb494cf4e7c810e5423a79bc.jpg

IMP C PROB-VS P F AVG: radiate, cuirassed bust of Probus right, seen from the front

VICTO-RIA AVG // R thunderbolt Ϛ : Victoria walking left with wreath in right hand and trophy in left.

antoninianus Rome, AD 281, RIC Vb 213pro3.jpg.25333b462668c07adf22606f41592c01.jpg

PROBV - S P F AVG : radiate, drapped and cuirassed bust right

IOVI CON - S -  PROB AVG // R(thunderbolt)B : Jupiter standing left, holding sceptre and thunderbolt

Antoninianus, Rome, A.D. 281, RIC Vb 175pro4.jpg.53b0c99c2f698f020c929fb7e67b6f5b.jpg

IMP C PROBVS P F AVG : radiate and cuirassed bust right

PAX AVGVSTI /T/XXI : Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and scepter

Antoninianus, Siscia, A.D.280, RIC Vb 280pro5.jpg.fa00dd38f830c664f992773ca9eab271.jpg

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Probus, silvered billon Antoninianus, Serdica [Sofia, Bulgaria] Mint, 3rd Officina, 4th emission, 280-281 AD [Gysen]. 277 AD (Sear). Obv. Cuirassed bust left wearing radiate helmet, holding spear and shield, transverse leather strap across chest, IMP C M AVR PROBVS PF AVG / Rev. Probus on horseback, shield in left hand, galloping right, about to slay an enemy with a lance held in right hand; the enemy is on his knees under the horse's front hooves with his hands thrust upwards, his shield on the ground under the horse, VIRTVS PROBI AVG; in exergue, KA•Γ• (Serdica Mint, Officina 3) (KA= XXI =[20/1 copper/silver ratio of alloy]. RIC V-2 Probus 877G( Γ) (p. 113); Cohen 917; Probuscoins.fr  2667 (https://probuscoins.fr/coin?id=2667); Pink [Karl Pink 1949], 277, 4th emission; P. Gysen type: VIR-1 [Philippe Gysen, New data concerning the Serdica workshop during the reign of Probus, in Revue belge de numismatique , CXLVI, Brussels, 2000] (re-dating Serdica Emission 4 at 280-281 AD). 24.31 mm., 3.26 g.

image.jpeg.29fe45056959fc8a19859c4615fcfa52.jpeg

Probus, silvered billion Antoninianus, Serdica [Sofia, Bulgaria] Mint, 1st Officina, 4th emission, 280-281 AD (Gysen), 277 AD (Sear). Obv. Cuirassed bust left wearing radiate helmet, seen from ¾ in front, holding spear over right shoulder with right hand, and shield covering left shoulder with left hand, IMP CM AVR PROBVS AVG / Rev. Probus on horseback pacing left, with right hand raised and holding long scepter with left hand, captive is seated left under raised right hoof of horse, leaning forward to left with his arms bound behind his back, VIRTVS PROBI AVG; in exergue, KA•A• (Serdica Mint, Officina 1) [KA= XXI = 20/1 copper/silver ratio of alloy]. RIC V.2 Probus 887 (p. 114); Cohen 925/926; Probuscoins.fr 2201 (https://probuscoins.fr/coin?id=2201) (BustType E); P. Gysen Type: VIR-adv [adventus scene] [Philippe. Gysen, New data concerning the Serdica workshop during the reign of Probus, in Revue belge de numismatique , CXLVI, Brussels, 2000] (redating Serdica Emission 4 at 280-281 AD); Pink, Emission 4 [Karl Pink, Numismatische Zeitschrift, Der Aufbau der Romischen Munzpragung in der Kaiserzeit, VI / 1 Probus (Wien, 1949)]; cf. Sear RCV III 12075 (ill.) (same except obv. legend has “PF” before AVG; see RIC V-2 886). 23 mm., 4.26 g. Purchased from Kirk Davis, Feb. 2021; ex. York Coins, UK, 2010.

 image.jpeg.df0cc979aa028cf392706ba315660923.jpeg

Probus, billon/AE Antoninianus [no remaining silvering], Rome Mint, 279 AD. Obv. Radiate, helmeted, & cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield, IMP PROBVS AVG/ Rev. Probus riding left, extending arm in salute & holding scepter, horse’s right front hoof raised over bound captive seated left, ADVENTVS AVG. In exergue: R - pellet in crescent - ς (digamma/stigma) [Officina 6]. RIC V-2 157(ς); Cohen 37; Pink VI/1 p. 57. 23 mm., 2.75 g. [See http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/probus/RIC_0157_digamma_dot_in_cresc_left.txt.]

 image.jpeg.5841fa452e699c13a0a74101de552bae.jpeg

Probus, silvered billon Antoninianus, 278-280 AD, Rome Mint [4th Emission, 2nd Officina]. Obv. Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding eagle-tipped scepter, IMP PRO-BVS AVG / Rev. Sol in quadriga leaping left, with right hand raised and holding globe and whip in left hand, SO-L-I INVIC-TO; in exergue, R- ᴗ [crescent]-B [Rome Mint, Officina 2]. RIC V-2 202B, Sear RCV III 12038, Cohen 644, see also https://www.probuscoins.fr/coin?id=11.

 image.jpeg.d7341e10fbea5566d9c24f0fabc33056.jpeg

Probus, 276-282 AD, silvered billon Antoninianus, Cyzicus Mint 280 AD. Obv. Radiate bust left wearing imperial mantle and holding eagle-tipped sceptre, IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG / Rev. Sol standing facing in spread quadriga, with right hand raised, holding globe and whip in left hand, the horses spread, two on l. and two on r., SOLI INVICTO. CM in lower center above XXI Q in exergue (Officina 4 - Quarto). RIC V-2 Cyzicus 911, Sear RCV III 12041 (ill), Cohen 682, Pink [Karl Pink 1949], p. 44, series 3.  23 mm., 4.1 g.

image.jpeg.f987d90f9d8a8f0b260f6868ead69f87.jpeg

Probus, billon tetradrachm, 277-278 AD (Year 3), Alexandria, Egypt Mint. Obv. Laureate and cuirassed bust right, A K M AV ΠPOBOC CEB / Rev. Eirene [= Pax] standing left, wearing long chiton and peplos, holding long scepter obliquely with left hand and olive branch with right; L Γ [Year 3] in lower left field. Dattari 5529, Emmett 3986, Milne 4550 at p. 109 [Milne, J.G., Catalogue of Alexandrian Coins (Oxford 1933, reprint with supplement by Colin M. Kraay, 1971)], Köln (Geissen) 3132, Sear RCV III 12124 (ill.). 23 mm., 8.7 g., 12 h.  Purchased from JAZ Numismatics Auction 183, May 2021, ex. Sallent Collection, ex. Bertolami e-auction 41, lot 292, April 30, 2017. image.jpeg.071fd532c470596a03ea2c1c5abb10b8.jpeg

Finally, at the risk of jinxing their delivery by posting about them before they arrive, here are the two Probus coins I purchased at the most recent Roma auction, from the collection of our member @Barnaba6. The write-ups are Roma's, not mine.

Probus BI Antoninianus. Siscia, AD 278. IMP PROBVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust to left, holding spear / VIRTVS AVGVSTI, emperor facing, head to left, holding sceptre and crowning trophy; captive to left, XXIP in exergue. RIC V.2 805; probuscoins.fr 2581 (R3, this coin); Alföldi, Siscia V 91.3 (one example listed). 3.66g, 23mm, 12h. "Good Very Fine. Very Rare reverse type struck only at Siscia and Rome and much rarer at the former. Only one other example on CoinArchives sold by Paul-Francis Jacquier. From the collection of a Polish connoisseur of Probus coins."

image.jpeg.075b736b51da65315a861a7d11d03b99.jpeg

Probus BI Antoninianus. Serdica, AD 280-281. IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate and mantled bust to right / SOLI INVICTO, Sol in spread quadriga, holding whip; KA•A• in exergue. RIC V.2 861 var. (bust type); probuscoins.fr 3939 (this coin). 3.87g, 23mm, 6h. 
"Extremely Fine. Very Rare right facing consular bust without sceptre. This coin published at Probus Coins Online (https://probuscoins.fr/) (since conserved). From the collection of a Polish connoisseur of Probus coins."

image.jpeg.22f22df2ee55517401cd67e92b3dc88f.jpeg

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Since everbody else is posting their favorites, i'll add mine:

Bronze coin (AE Antoninianus) minted at RE=Rome during the reign of PROBUS between 276 - 282 A.D. Obv. PROBVS.P.F.AVG.: Radiate, draped bust r. Rev. FIDES.MILITVM.: Fides standing left, holding two ensigns, in ex. ReEC RICV #170. DVM #20.

image.png.84a4d3247f9cdb260f37d702b4c15a91.pngimage.png.77ea55231feed24437c5e1e295c1ec82.png

Bronze coin (AE Antoninianus) with mint mark of XXIB, minted at Siscia during the reign of PROBUS in 277 A.D. Obv. IMP.C.M.AVR.PROBVS.P.F.AVG.: Radiate bust left, wearing imperial mantle and holding eagle-tipped sceptre. Rev. ADVENTVS.PROBI.AVG.: PROBUS on horseback l., raising r. hand, captive seated in front of horse, in ex. XXIB. RCS #3340 RICV #632 pg.85. DVM #8 pg.261.

image.png.93e1cf6a67c1378e68d11319c3868111.pngimage.png.473b74531823d12e751206e3a5d34496.png

Bronze coin (AE Antoninianus) minted during the reign of PROBUS in 278 A.D. Obv. IMP.PROBVS.P.F.AVG.: Radiate, cuirassed bust right, Rev. SALVS.AVG.: Salus stg. r., feeding serpent in arms. In ex. XXI, in r. field T. DVM #43. RICV #748 RCSII #12029.

image.png.78edb1578b4901fc8d6027c2c452e741.pngimage.png.7a4712b59e56c6a1a5f5311243527ac5.png

Bronze coin (AE Antoninianus) minted at Serdica during the reign of PROBUS in 277 A.D. Obv. IMP.C.M.AVR.PROBVS.AVG.: Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right, Rev. SOLI.INVICTO Sol riding oncoming quadriga, raising hand and holding whip and globe. In ex KH*r. RCSII #12040

image.png.67fd0095214fbb99d0c5bb124209a0e2.pngimage.png.8e03a5a9692ba00b3da61c429b4709b1.png

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One of the more photogenic of my Probus coins is this one from the Lugdunum mint:

[IMG]

Probus, AD 276-282.
Roman billon antoninianus, 4.96 g, 23.2 mm, 7 h.
Lugdunum, fourth emission, mid-to late AD 277.
Obv: IMP C PROBVS·P·F·AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust, right.
Rev: ABVNDANTIA AVG, Abundantia standing right, emptying cornucopiae held in both hands; IIII (officina 4) in exergue.
Refs: RIC 17; Bastien 195.
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Probus is a very interesting emperor and attracts a lot of specialized collectors. Since one can't collect everything I twisted my arm to reduce to just one imperial and one alexandrian, hence it's very easy to choose the best examples from my collection 😄 

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Q

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Probus... had so many interesting and fantastic portraits. 

 

image.jpeg.9ad81f736ef79610b9ea04fad46a7e39.jpeg

Marcus Aurelius Probus, as Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus
Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 276/282 AD; Material: BI; Diameter: 21mm; Weight: 3.43g; Mint: Rome; Reference: RIC V Probus 183; Provenance: Ex Roma Numismatics London Great Britain; Obverse: Bust of Probus, radiate, wearing imperial mantle, left, holding sceptre surmounted by eagle in right hand. The Inscription reads: IMP PROBVS P F AVG for Imperator Marcus Aurelius Probus Pius Felix Augustus; Reverse: Hexastyle temple, Roma seated in centre, holding Victory in right hand and sceptre in left hand. R(thunderbolt)Δ in exergue. The Inscription reads: ROMAE AETER for Romae Aeternae (Everlasting Rome).

Here I like the emperor with his imperial mantle... 

 

 

image.jpeg.f074b765cfd957e41df05c2eb1d0cb25.jpeg

Marcus Aurelius Probus, as Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus
Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 277 AD; Material: BI Silver; Diameter: 25.50mm; Weight: 3.15g; Mint: Rome; Reference: RIC V Probus 195; Provenance: Ex Artemide Aste Numismatica San Marino; Obverse: Bust of Probus, radiate, cuirassed, right. The Inscription reads: IMP PROBVS AVG for Imperator Probus Augustus; Reverse: Hexastyle temple, Roma seated in centre, holding Victory in right hand and sceptre in left hand. The Inscription reads: ROMAE AETERNAE R*Γ for ROMAE AETERNAE, RGamma (Everlasting Rome, 2nd emission of Rome).

Or here, the emperor in military outfit...

 

 

image.jpeg.616e1e1e3ff890e89bdbe303837f5702.jpeg

Marcus Aurelius Probus, as Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus
Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 276/282 AD; Material: Billon; Diameter: 23mm; Weight: 3.87g; Mint: Ticinum; Reference: RIC V Probus 573; Provenance: InAsta Numismatics, San Marino ; Obverse: Bust of Probus, radiate, cuirassed, right. The Inscription reads: IMP C PROBVS AVG for Imperator Caesar Probus Augustus; Reverse: Securitas, draped, standing left, legs crossed, leaning on column, raising right hand to head; ΓXXI in exergue. The Inscription reads: SECVRIT PERP for Securitas Perpetua (To perpetual security).

Or as here, military, armed for battle if necessary, self-confident....

 

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New to my collection,  another Probus coin,

pro6.jpg.9016f91f18a00d7e45adb63cae0f1163.jpgIMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG : radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Probus to right, seen from the front

VIRTVS AVG / / IIII : Roma-Virtus standing left, with Victory in right hand; left hand resting on grounded shield and grounded spear couched in left arm

Antoninianus, Lugdunum, AD 276, RIC Vb 112

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Forum member additions to the “Emperor’s Portrait Gallery,”  are amazing!

Mine was minted after 282 AD which makes it my most recently circulated ancient antoniniani / denarii.

 

image.jpeg.6e938dea77704a7c53fb61c0e5bef63e.jpeg

 

Beautiful coins and posts, FORVM friends     !

 

Edited by LONGINUS
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