Monarchy of the British Isles, from Celtic times to today, including the Commonwealth of Oliver Cromwell

[Nap]

30 minutes ago, John Conduitt said:

That leaves us:

Scotland: Mary I of Scots, Robert III, Robert II, Robert I, John Balliol, Alexander II, William I, Malcolm IV

England post-Alfred: Mary (sole reign), Henry VI (2nd reign), Harold II, Harold I, Edmund II Ironside/Aethered II 2nd Reign, Cnut, Edgar, Eadred, Æthelstan, (Æthelflæd), Edward the Elder, plus all the Viking issues in York and East Anglia.

Before that are a few other attributed Saxon coins (except Burgred, Aethelwulf, Eadwald and Offa), Northumbria (except Redwulf), the Romans and the Celts (except Cunobelin).

Londinium: Allectus, Constantius I, Severus II, Constantine I and Magnus Maximus.

I can add in a few but I’ll wait to see what else pops up.

I do not have Malcolm IV or Robert the Bruce of Scotland.  I also do not have Harold II of England.  I am missing most of the Vikings.  And of course there are some rare coins of petty rulers of Saxon England that continue to elude me.

[John Conduitt]

22 hours ago, Nap said:

I can add in a few but I’ll wait to see what else pops up.

I do not have Malcolm IV or Robert the Bruce of Scotland.  I also do not have Harold II of England.  I am missing most of the Vikings.  And of course there are some rare coins of petty rulers of Saxon England that continue to elude me.

I'm looking forward to seeing what you have. Let me know if I've missed any rulers!

Severus II Follis, 305-306
Londinium. Bronze, 28mm, 10.37g. Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right; SEVERVS NOBILISSIMVS C. Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae; GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (RIC VI, 60).

Edited September 19, 2022 by John Conduitt

[John Conduitt]

I don't have any of the rare Northumbrians.

Archbishop Wulfhere Phase IIc Styca, 849-900

York. Bronze, 1.06g. +VLFHEDARED. +VVLFRED retrograde (moneyer Wulfred) (S 871).

Edited September 20, 2022 by John Conduitt

[John Conduitt]

Constantius I as Augustus Follis, 305-306
Londinium. Bronze, 27mm, 9.50g. Laureate, cuirassed bust right; IMP CONSTANTIVS P F AVG. Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae; GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI (RIC VI, 52a). Ex Lord Stewartby. From the Falmouth (Cornwall) Hoard 1865. Two labourers ploughing a field discovered 600-1000 3rd-4th century bronze coins. They were surrounded by black material that crumbled in their hands. The Christie’s catalogue in 1970 listed 584 coins ‘The Property of Mrs Janet MK Fox of Falmouth...all in a rather corroded state and stacked in neat rows.’

Archbishop Wigmund Styca, 837-846

York. Copper, 1.05g. Central cross; VIGMVND. Rosette of pellets; EDELHELM (moneyer Ethelhelm/Aethelhelm) (S 870). Wigmund was Archbishop of York sometime between 837 and 858.

Archbishop Eanbald II Sceat, 795-808

York. Silver, 13.5mm, 1.10g. EA • (NB) A • LD • (retrograde) around central cross pattée. + EDILVARD (Æthelweard, moneyer) around central cross pattée (EMC 1997.0430, same obv. die).
 

Eadberht Class Di Series Y Secondary Sceat, 737-758

York. Silver, 1.00g. Fantastic animal left, cross under tail and triquetra below. Large cross in centre; .EOTBEREhTVF (S 847).

Constantine I Follis, 319-320
Londinium. Bronze, 18mm, 3.03g. Laureate, cuirassed bust right, wearing high-crested helmet; CONSTANT-INVS MAX AG. Two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT PR over altar, with altar decoration Helvetica 3d (cross within wreath); VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; mintmark PLN (RIC VII, 171). From the Martock (Somerset) Hoard 2012.

Esuprasu Unit, 40-47

Corieltauvi tribe. Silver, 14mm, 1.08g. Wreath design, pellet on either side of wreath, crosses in wreath. Horse right with star below tail, (I)ISVP above; (ASV below) (S 406; VA 924.01). Portable Antiquities Scheme: CCI-42661

Saenu Icenian L Unit, AD35-43

Iceni Tribe, East Anglia. Silver, 1.23g. Back-to-back crescents, three lines behind. Stylised horse with linear head right, four-pellet daisy above, six pellets on horse's shoulder; SAENV below (ABC 1699; VA 770-1; S 446).

Edited September 21, 2022 by John Conduitt

[Edessa]

British Anglo-Saxon. Kings of Mercia. Coenwulf, AD 796-821. AR Penny (20.5mm, 1.28g, 3h). Portrait type. Canterbury mint; Deormod, moneyer. Struck circa AD 810-812. Obv: +COENVVLF REX m; diademed bust right. Rev: +DIORmOD mONETΛ; double pincer-shaped cross superimposed on cross pommée; wedges in angles. Ref: Naismith C39.1q (this coin); SCBI 67 (BM), 132; North 347; SCBC 916. Good Very Fine, even glossy find patina. From the G.W. Trow Collection. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CXVII.2 (May 2009), no. HS3711. Ex CNG Triton XXIII (15 Jan 2020), Lot 1273.

[John Conduitt]

20 hours ago, Edessa said:

British Anglo-Saxon. Kings of Mercia. Coenwulf, AD 796-821. AR Penny (20.5mm, 1.28g, 3h). Portrait type. Canterbury mint; Deormod, moneyer. Struck circa AD 810-812. Obv: +COENVVLF REX m; diademed bust right. Rev: +DIORmOD mONETΛ; double pincer-shaped cross superimposed on cross pommée; wedges in angles. Ref: Naismith C39.1q (this coin); SCBI 67 (BM), 132; North 347; SCBC 916. Good Very Fine, even glossy find patina. From the G.W. Trow Collection. Ex Spink Numismatic Circular CXVII.2 (May 2009), no. HS3711. Ex CNG Triton XXIII (15 Jan 2020), Lot 1273.

That's a beautiful coin. The portrait is great. Not an easy king to get in such good condition, or even at all.

Allectus Quinarius, 293-296
Londinium. Bronze, 19mm, 2.28g. Bust of Allectus, radiate, cuirassed, right; IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG. Galley with mast, rowing left; VIRTVS AVG; QL in exergue (RIC V.1, 55). Found in Kent in the 1980s.

Magnus Maximus Solidus, 383-388
Augusta/London. Gold, 21mm, 4.59g, 6h. Rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Magnus Maximus right, seen from front; D N MAG MA-XIMVS P F AVG. Magnus Maximus and Theodosius I seated facing on double throne, jointly holding globe between them; half-length figure of Victory above facing between, vertical palm branch under throne; VICTOR-IA AVGG; AVGOB in exergue (RIC IX, 2b; Biaggi 2312 (this coin)). Ex Leo Biaggi de Blasys. NGC #6057866-002.

Aethelstan Cut Halfpenny, 933-938
London. Silver, 20mm, 0.67g. Crowned bust right; + (ÆDELSTAN) REX; AE ligatured; cross-bar on back of D. + LIOFHE(LM MO LOND) CI, small cross (S 1095).

Edited September 21, 2022 by John Conduitt

[Nap]

Here is my set of coins of the kingdom of Northumbria, the northern Anglo-Saxon kingdom.

 

Aldfrith 685-704

 

Eadberht 737-758

 

Aethelwald Moll 759-765

 

Alchred 765-774

 

Aethelred I (1st reign) 774-779

 

Aelfwald I 779-788

 

Aethelred II (2nd reign) 790-796

 

Eardwulf (1st reign?) 796-806

 

Aelfwald II (?) 806-808

 

Eanred 810-841

 

Aethelred II (1st reign) 841-843

 

Redwulf 844

 

Aethelred II (2nd reign) 844-849

 

Osberht 849-867

 

There are no known coins for the kings between Aldfrith and Eadberht (Eadwulf, Osred I, Coenred, Osric, or Ceolwulf)

Similarly there are no known coins for some of the short lived monarchs of the turbulent late 8th century- Oswulf, Osred II, or Osbald.  There are no known coins of Osberht’s rival Aella.  And there are no known coins after Osberht, when the Vikings took over and installed puppet leaders.  The reason for the cessation of coinage for 30 years until ~895 in Northumbria is not clear.

There are coins that seem to be naming some otherwise unknown individual, such as Hoaud or Beorn, and some suggesting the name Aella, but these are irregular issues, and almost certainly there was no king Hoaud.

There were 4 coins “found” in a monastery excavation in the 19th century in the name of Ecgfrith (670-685) but these were determined to be forgeries.

Also, coins of Aelfwald II are disputed, they may have been made during the time of Aelfwald I, and the so-called Aelfwald II, who is only mentioned in passing in one source, might not have been a distinct king.

It is not known whether Eardwulf’s coins were made during his first or second reign, but there are only 8 known so it hardly matters!  As his second reign is disputed the coins are generally assigned to the first reign.

The coin of Aethelwald Moll is also a great rarity, one of only 4 known.  For many years this chipped example was the only one known.  A few others were found in the last 30 years.  This particular coin was first published in 1841 with an accompanying hand drawing; the coin was already chipped then so it is easily recognizable.

It is interesting that the Northumbrian series, with its major rarities, also includes the most common coins of Anglo-Saxon times- the stycas of Eanred and Aethelred II.  Thousands of coins of these two monarchs have been found, and continue to be unearthed, including several massive hoards at Hexham, Bolton Percy, and York.

It seems that the Northumbrian coinage production had a great deal of fluctuation in terms of production.  There are several hundred coins known of Aethelred I’s 6-year 2nd reign, by 5 different moneyers, but there are only 8 coins known of Eardwulf’s 10-year reign, all by the same one moneyer.  By the time of Eardwulf’s son Eanred, coin production ramped up a ton and 20 different moneyers worked for him, with thousands of coins known.  Redwulf, only king for less than a year, had 10 different moneyers working for him, and while his coins are scarce they are not that hard to come by.

I am not aware of extant coins naming any other Northumbrian kings besides the ones I have shown.

Edited September 21, 2022 by Nap

[robinjojo]

1 hour ago, Nap said:

Here is my set of coins of the kingdom of Northumbria, the northern Anglo-Saxon kingdom.

 

Aldfrith 685-704

 

Eadberht 737-758

 

Aethelwald Moll 759-765

 

Alchred 765-774

 

Aethelred I (1st reign) 774-779

 

Aelfwald I 779-788

 

Aethelred II (2nd reign) 790-796

 

Eardwulf (1st reign?) 796-806

 

Aelfwald II (?) 806-808

 

Eanred 810-841

 

Aethelred II (1st reign) 841-843

 

Redwulf 844

 

Aethelred II (2nd reign) 844-849

 

Osberht 849-867

 

There are no known coins for the kings between Aldfrith and Eadberht (Eadwulf, Osred I, Coenred, Osric, or Ceolwulf)

Similarly there are no known coins for some of the short lived monarchs of the turbulent late 8th century- Oswulf, Osred II, or Osbald.  There are no known coins of Osberht’s rival Aella.  And there are no known coins after Osberht, when the Vikings took over and installed puppet leaders.  The reason for the cessation of coinage for 30 years until ~895 in Northumbria is not clear.

There are coins that seem to be naming some otherwise unknown individual, such as Hoaud or Beorn, and some suggesting the name Aella, but these are irregular issues, and almost certainly there was no king Hoaud.

There were 4 coins “found” in a monastery excavation in the 19th century in the name of Ecgfrith (670-685) but these were determined to be forgeries.

Also, coins of Aelfwald II are disputed, they may have been made during the time of Aelfwald I, and the so-called Aelfwald II, who is only mentioned in passing in one source, might not have been a distinct king.

It is not known whether Eardwulf’s coins were made during his first or second reign, but there are only 8 known so it hardly matters!  As his second reign is disputed the coins are generally assigned to the first reign.

The coin of Aethelwald Moll is also a great rarity, one of only 4 known.  For many years this chipped example was the only one known.  A few others were found in the last 30 years.  This particular coin was first published in 1841 with an accompanying hand drawing; the coin was already chipped then so it is easily recognizable.

It is interesting that the Northumbrian series, with its major rarities, also includes the most common coins of Anglo-Saxon times- the stycas of Eanred and Aethelred II.  Thousands of coins of these two monarchs have been found, and continue to be unearthed, including several massive hoards at Hexham, Bolton Percy, and York.

It seems that the Northumbrian coinage production had a great deal of fluctuation in terms of production.  There are several hundred coins known of Aethelred I’s 6-year 2nd reign, by 5 different moneyers, but there are only 8 coins known of Eardwulf’s 10-year reign, all by the same one moneyer.  By the time of Eardwulf’s son Eanred, coin production ramped up a ton and 20 different moneyers worked for him, with thousands of coins known.  Redwulf, only king for less than a year, had 10 different moneyers working for him, and while his coins are scarce they are not that hard to come by.

I am not aware of extant coins naming any other Northumbrian kings besides the ones I have shown.

Thank you for posting these wonderful coins of Northumbria, a truly remarkable collection.

We don't have a countermarked coin depicting a British monarch in the CM, so here's one for the thread:

George III,  dollar, 1797-1799, countermarked 8 reales of Charles IV, 1795 FM of Mexico.

S 3765; ESC-129.

 

[John Conduitt]

On 9/21/2022 at 10:42 PM, Nap said:

Here is my set of coins of the kingdom of Northumbria, the northern Anglo-Saxon kingdom.

 

Aldfrith 685-704

 

Eadberht 737-758

 

Aethelwald Moll 759-765

 

Alchred 765-774

 

Aethelred I (1st reign) 774-779

 

Aelfwald I 779-788

 

Aethelred II (2nd reign) 790-796

 

Eardwulf (1st reign?) 796-806

 

Aelfwald II (?) 806-808

 

Eanred 810-841

 

Aethelred II (1st reign) 841-843

 

Redwulf 844

 

Aethelred II (2nd reign) 844-849

 

Osberht 849-867

 

There are no known coins for the kings between Aldfrith and Eadberht (Eadwulf, Osred I, Coenred, Osric, or Ceolwulf)

Similarly there are no known coins for some of the short lived monarchs of the turbulent late 8th century- Oswulf, Osred II, or Osbald.  There are no known coins of Osberht’s rival Aella.  And there are no known coins after Osberht, when the Vikings took over and installed puppet leaders.  The reason for the cessation of coinage for 30 years until ~895 in Northumbria is not clear.

There are coins that seem to be naming some otherwise unknown individual, such as Hoaud or Beorn, and some suggesting the name Aella, but these are irregular issues, and almost certainly there was no king Hoaud.

There were 4 coins “found” in a monastery excavation in the 19th century in the name of Ecgfrith (670-685) but these were determined to be forgeries.

Also, coins of Aelfwald II are disputed, they may have been made during the time of Aelfwald I, and the so-called Aelfwald II, who is only mentioned in passing in one source, might not have been a distinct king.

It is not known whether Eardwulf’s coins were made during his first or second reign, but there are only 8 known so it hardly matters!  As his second reign is disputed the coins are generally assigned to the first reign.

The coin of Aethelwald Moll is also a great rarity, one of only 4 known.  For many years this chipped example was the only one known.  A few others were found in the last 30 years.  This particular coin was first published in 1841 with an accompanying hand drawing; the coin was already chipped then so it is easily recognizable.

It is interesting that the Northumbrian series, with its major rarities, also includes the most common coins of Anglo-Saxon times- the stycas of Eanred and Aethelred II.  Thousands of coins of these two monarchs have been found, and continue to be unearthed, including several massive hoards at Hexham, Bolton Percy, and York.

It seems that the Northumbrian coinage production had a great deal of fluctuation in terms of production.  There are several hundred coins known of Aethelred I’s 6-year 2nd reign, by 5 different moneyers, but there are only 8 coins known of Eardwulf’s 10-year reign, all by the same one moneyer.  By the time of Eardwulf’s son Eanred, coin production ramped up a ton and 20 different moneyers worked for him, with thousands of coins known.  Redwulf, only king for less than a year, had 10 different moneyers working for him, and while his coins are scarce they are not that hard to come by.

I am not aware of extant coins naming any other Northumbrian kings besides the ones I have shown.

It's so good to see a set like that. Obviously, there can only be four!

We're definitely getting down to the speculative monarchs - either their coins are disputed, or the monarch is. The Saxons get particularly messy with irregular issues, archbishops and moneyers named on the coins. I'll take Hourd off the list as although someone could post a 'Hourd' coin, he probably isn't a monarch anyway.

The Celts have a number of similarly desputed monarchs too, since most are only known by their coins anyway.

Saxon Series A is possibly attributed to a king I didn't even have on the list - Hlothere of Kent - although it's anonymous.

Series A Sceatta, 680-710

East Kent. Silver, 12mm, 0.88g. Radiate bust with curved exergual drapery; TIIC in front, A and annulets behind. Degenerate votive standard with seriffed letters TOTII, tufa above containing trefoil of pellets, rounded horns, seriffed letters in margin, cross below (S 775; BMC Type 2a).

Edited September 28, 2022 by John Conduitt

[Nap]

Here are the speculative coins of “Hoaud” and “Beorn”

 

”HOAVD RE”

 

”BEOM RE”

[John Conduitt]

9 hours ago, Nap said:

Here are the speculative coins of “Hoaud” and “Beorn”

 

”HOAVD RE”

 

”BEOM RE”

Of course, you have these too. You must have a more complete collection than the whole of Northumberland 😂 I can’t imagine the years of patient searching.

The irregular issues are perplexing. Moneyers who seemed to be able to spell, if sometimes get the letters the wrong way around, suddenly took to using whatever letters they liked - but often still spelling something. Hoaud and Beorn aren’t incoherent.

Presumably, they’re emergency issues and someone said to local metalworkers, look, there’s a civil war on, we need you to copy these coins, don’t worry about what they say. But why start them off with Hoaud and Beorn? Perhaps those were the professional moneyers’ names, but as far as I know, they don’t appear on official coinage. Or maybe they started off as Aethelred or whatever, and someone in the chain of copying the copies blundered it into those.

Edited September 22, 2022 by John Conduitt

[John Conduitt]

11 hours ago, robinjojo said:

Thank you for posting these wonderful coins of Northumbria, a truly remarkable collection.

We don't have a countermarked coin depicting a British monarch in the CM, so here's one for the thread:

George III,  dollar, 1797-1799, countermarked 8 reales of Charles IV, 1795 FM of Mexico.

S 3765; ESC-129.

 

Nice example. I think I’m right in saying these were all 1797 or 1804, with the 1797 version worth 4 shillings and 9 pence and the 1804 worth 5 shillings.

[John Conduitt]

I'll increase the Celtic representation.

Vepocunavos ‘Corielatuvian M’ Unit, 15-40
Corieltauvi tribe, English Midlands. Silver, 13x14mm, 1.05g. Horse with VEPOC above. Uniface (S 412; ABC 1869; VA 955). Found York.


Antedios ‘D-Bar’ Unit, 10-30
Iceni tribe, East Anglia. Silver, 13x14mm, 1.01g. Horse right, corn-ear mane, pellet daisy above, pellet under tail, pellet triad and ANTĐ monogram below. Double moon emblem on vertical wreath (ABC 1645).

 

Epatticus Unit, 35-43
Atrebates Kingdom. Silver, 13mm, 1.19g. Victory seated right, TAS-CIO-V around. Boar right, tree behind, EPAT below (ABC 1349; S 357). Obverse copied from a denarius of M Volteius. Reverse copied from a denarius of M Porcius Cato or M Porcius Cato Uticensis.


Verica Minim, AD10-40
Silchester or Chichester, Atrebates tribe. Silver, 7mm, 0.35g. Wine cup; REX above. Eagle right; VERICA COMMI F around (S 159).

Sam ‘Boar Branch’ Unit, 1-10

Cantii Kingdom. Bronze, 14mm, 2.22g. Boar left, branch above, ringed pellet below. Horse left, (SA) below (ABC 375; S 187a). Found north Kent 2001 (Celtic Coin Index 03.09U9). Sam was a king of the Cantiaci whose reign may have overlapped that of Dubnovellaunos.


Tasciovanus 3rd Coinage ‘Trinovantian O’ Unit, 5BC-AD5

Verlamion. Silver, 13mm, 1.40g. Quadrilobe inscribed with saltire, superimposed on stylized cross. V-E-R-L in angles. Boar right; TAS above, star below (ABC 2628).

Edited September 29, 2022 by John Conduitt

[Edessa]

Scotland. William I 'the Lion'. AD 1165-1214. AR Penny (19mm, 1.45g, 1h). Third (Short Cross & Stars) coinage, phase B. Edinburgh or Perth mint; Hue and Walter, moneyers. Struck circa AD 1205-1230. Obv: Crowned head left; scepter to left. Rev: + ҺVЄ WALTЄO; Voided short cross; stars of six points in quarters. Ref: SCBC 5029.

[John Conduitt]

21 hours ago, Edessa said:

Scotland. William I 'the Lion'. AD 1165-1214. AR Penny (19mm, 1.45g, 1h). Third (Short Cross & Stars) coinage, phase B. Edinburgh or Perth mint; Hue and Walter, moneyers. Struck circa AD 1205-1230. Obv: Crowned head left; scepter to left. Rev: + ҺVЄ WALTЄO; Voided short cross; stars of six points in quarters. Ref: SCBC 5029.

Great coin. You don't see many of these around.

[John Conduitt]

I can post my Henry VI Restored groat here...

Henry VI Second Reign (Restored) Groat, 1470-1471

Tower. Silver, 26mm, 2.72g. Crowned facing bust in tressure of arches, trefoils on cusps above crown, saltire stops; hЄnRICV DI GRΛ RЄX ΛnGL Z FRAnC (Henry by the Grace of God King of England and France). Long cross pattee, trefoils in quarters, saltire stops; + POSVI DЄVm ΛDIVTORЄ mЄV (I have made God my helper); CIVI TAS LOn Don (City of London); mintmark pierced restoration cross both sides (S 2082, this coin). Ex Ivan Buck.

Edited October 8, 2022 by John Conduitt

[Hrefn]

Did anyone notice if Harold II was portrayed yet?  I’ve scoured the thread for him but I  am having some trouble seeing.  I think there is something in my eye.

[Hrefn]

On a more serious note, here is Edmund of East Anglia.  He perished fighting the Vikings.

[John Conduitt]

On 10/6/2022 at 11:26 PM, Hrefn said:

Did anyone notice if Harold II was portrayed yet?  I’ve scoured the thread for him but I  am having some trouble seeing.  I think there is something in my eye.

We haven't had Harold I or II. At least we have a backup 🤣

Interesting Edmund coin. The fabric looks a bit different to other pennies of the time.

I'll post a few Celtic coins to bring the list down a bit.

Amminus ‘Biga’ Unit, 35-40
Cantii Kingdom, England. Silver, 10-12mm, 1.00g. Bust right, AMMI in front, beaded border. Facing chariot, head of charioteer between, S below, E to left of head, G to right of head, beaded border (ABC 459). Celtic Coin Index CCI 07.0015.

Vepo Corf Triadic Type Unit, 15-40

Corieltauvi tribe. Silver, 1.20g. Wreath covering field. Horse running right, VEPO above, trefoil below tail, COR(F) below (ABC 1872).

Aunt Cost Half Unit, 15-40
Corieltauvi tribe. Silver, 11mm, 0.48g. Stylized wreath. Celticized horse left; AVN above (Van Arsdell 918; ABC 1953).

Rues Unit, 1-10

Verlamion, Catuvellauni  tribe. Bronze, 15mm, 1.67g. Bearded head, right; RVI(IS). Horseman right, VIR (S 272). Found Baldock, Hertfordshire 1997. Celtic Coin Index: CCI 98.1064.

Dias Throne Unit, 1-10

Verlamion, Catuvellauni tribe. Bronze, 15mm, 1.77g. Short-haired male head (DIAS in front). Seated figure facing left, standard before and behind, VER below (S 251).

Tincomarus Unit, 25BC-10
Atrebates tribe. Silver, 13mm, 1.30g. Diademed head left; TINCOMARVS around, beaded border. Curvy horse left, beaded mane, lyre and two rings above (S 90). Found Fareham, Hampshire.

Yet to be posted:

Scotland (7): Mary I of Scots, Robert III, Robert II, Robert I, John Balliol, Alexander II, Malcolm IV

England post-Alfred (9): Mary (sole reign), Harold II, Harold I, (Edmund II Ironside/Aethered II 2nd Reign), Cnut, Edgar, Eadred, (Æthelflæd), Edward the Elder

Viking (15): (Sweyn Forkbeard), Eric Bloodaxe, Ragnall II Guthfrithson, Amlaíb Cuarán/Anlaf Sithtricsson/Olaf Sihtricson, Olaf Guthfrithson, Sihtric II Caech, Ragnall ua Ímair, Æthelwold, Cnut of Northumbria, Siefred/Cnut/Sievert, Guthred, Guthrum, Halfdan I, Æthelred II of East Anglia, Oswald

Saxons pre-Alfred (14): Aethelred I of Wessex, Aethelbert III, Æthelweard, Brihtwulf, Wiglaf, Ludeca, Beornwulf, Ceolwulf I, Egbert, Beorhtric, Eadberht III Præn, Beonna, 'Aethelred of Mercia', Eadbald

Northumbria: all posted.

Londinium: all posted.

Celts (43): Cassivellaunos, Exobnos, Commios, Commios (son of Commios), Addedomaros, Dubnovellaunos, Boduoc, Corio, Andoco, Var, Eppillus, Cor, Anarevitos, Vosenos, Inam, Comux, Sego, Trocc, Catti, Sia, Caniduro, Cat 1, Attas, Crab, Catuscunavos, Vellaracun, Anted (Dobunni), Eisu, Aesu, Ecen, Volisios, Dumnovellaunos, Tigirseno, Touto, Dumnocoveros, Latison, (Ale) Scavo, Agr(icu), Togodumnus, Solidus, Cartivellaunos, Esuprasto/Prasutagus, Caratacus 

Edited December 13, 2022 by John Conduitt

[robinjojo]

After rummaging through my boxes of world coins, pulling out one that I sold this weekend, I came across my bank dollar.  I knew that I had one, but my effort to locate it was delayed by other tasks.

As these coins (tokens actually) go this example of this necessity coinage is quite decent with some circulation and faint signs of the original Latin American 8 reales that provided the base coin.  I wish the original date was still visible, but it is not - the steam press used to over strike was very effective.  There is a hint of "8 R" near below the bust of George III.  The edge is mostly smooth with faint signs of the dot square pattern of the Spanish colonial pattern.

The central device on the reverse, Britannia seated, was not aligned properly on the die when it was created, so she seems to be in a bit of a downhill pose, perhaps foreshadowing the UK's current problems? 

George III, bank dollar or 5 shillings, 1804.

S-3768; KM Tn #1

26.86 grams

Edited October 17, 2022 by robinjojo